A Review of Microfluidic Devices for Rheological Characterisation

Giudice, Francesco Del

doi:10.3390/mi13020167

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…In addition, the flow rate of the blood sample was specifically set to obtain the blood viscosity using a syringe pump. To resolve the issues regarding a more portable rheometer [ 25 ], the present method will be improved in the near future by adapting a portable imaging acquisition system [ 3 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ], and by adding passive pumps [ 55 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flow rate contributes to changing the blood viscosity because it varies as a function of the shear rate (i.e., in a non-Newtonian fluid). Recently, microfluidic devices have been considered as promising tools for quantifying the biophysical properties of blood samples [ 1 , 25 ]. After placing the blood samples into a microfluidic channel, the blood viscosity is obtained by quantifying the fluidic resistance (i.e., pressure drop = fluidic resistance × flow rate) [ 26 ] under a pressure drop [ 4 , 5 ] or flow rate [ 3 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Blood Biophysical Properties Using Pressure Sensing with Micropump and Microfluidic Comparator

Kang

2022

Micromachines

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To identify the biophysical properties of blood samples consistently, macroscopic pumps have been used to maintain constant flow rates in a microfluidic comparator. In this study, the bulk-sized and expensive pump is replaced with a cheap and portable micropump. A specific reference fluid (i.e., glycerin solution [40%]) with a small volume of red blood cell (RBC) (i.e., 1% volume fraction) as fluid tracers is supplied into the microfluidic comparator. An averaged velocity (<Ur>) obtained with micro-particle image velocimetry is converted into the flow rate of reference fluid (Qr) (i.e., Qr = CQ × Ac × <Ur>, Ac: cross-sectional area, CQ = 1.156). Two control variables of the micropump (i.e., frequency: 400 Hz and volt: 150 au) are selected to guarantee a consistent flow rate (i.e., COV < 1%). Simultaneously, the blood sample is supplied into the microfluidic channel under specific flow patterns (i.e., constant, sinusoidal, and periodic on-off fashion). By monitoring the interface in the comparator as well as Qr, three biophysical properties (i.e., viscosity, junction pressure, and pressure-induced work) are obtained using analytical expressions derived with a discrete fluidic circuit model. According to the quantitative comparison results between the present method (i.e., micropump) and the previous method (i.e., syringe pump), the micropump provides consistent results when compared with the syringe pump. Thereafter, representative biophysical properties, including the RBC aggregation, are consistently obtained for specific blood samples prepared with dextran solutions ranging from 0 to 40 mg/mL. In conclusion, the present method could be considered as an effective method for quantifying the physical properties of blood samples, where the reference fluid is supplied with a cheap and portable micropump.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Blood Biophysical Properties Using Pressure Sensing with Micropump and Microfluidic Comparator

Kang

2022

Micromachines

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“…To determine the drag coefficient using Equations ( 6) and ( 7), one needs to glean the retardation ratio and relaxation time, among other rheological parameters, for dilute polymer solutions. The change in the zero-shear viscosity due to the presence of polymers of different types is relatively straightforward to measure using a conventional bulk rheometry [44][45][46] or using microfluidic viscometers [47,48]. Knowing the shear viscosity of the Newtonian solvent, η S , one may characterize the Newtonian plateau region at lower shear rates, i.e., where the viscosity is independent of the shear rate, using a stress controlled shear rheometer, see for example Rubinstein and Colby [22], Kulicke and Clasen [49].…”

Section: Rheological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the longest relaxation time is on the order of milliseconds and below for low-viscous water-based viscoelastic fluids [50,55]. In these scenarios, microfluidics has proven to be a promising tool to capture the correct modes of the dilute polymeric solutions [48].…”

Section: Rheological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic Rheometry and Particle Settling: Characterizing the Effect of Polymer Solution Elasticity

Faroughi

Giudice

2022

Polymers

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The efficient transport of solid particles using polymeric fluids is an important step in many industrial operations. Different viscoelastic fluids have been designed for this purpose, however, the effects of elasticity have not been fully integrated in examining the particle-carrying capacity of the fluids. In this work, two elastic fluid formulations were employed to experimentally clarify the effect of elasticity on the particle drag coefficient as a proxy model for measuring carrying capacity. Fluids were designed to have a constant shear viscosity within a specific range of shear rates, γ˙<50(1/s), while possessing distinct (longest) relaxation times to investigate the influence of elasticity. It is shown that for dilute polymeric solutions, microfluidic rheometry must be practiced to obtain a reliable relaxation time (as one of the measures of viscoelasticity), which is on the order of milliseconds. A calibrated experimental setup, furnished with two advanced particle velocity measurement techniques and spheres with different characteristics, was used to quantify the effect of elasticity on the drag coefficient. These experiments led to a unique dataset in moderate levels of Weissenberg numbers, 0<Wi<8.5. The data showed that there is a subtle reduction in the drag coefficient at low levels of elasticity (Wi<1), and a considerable enhancement at high levels of elasticity (Wi>1). The experimental results were then compared with direct numerical simulation predictions yielding R2=0.982. These evaluations endorse the numerically quantified behaviors for the drag coefficient to be used to compare the particle-carrying capacity of different polymeric fluids under different flow conditions.

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“…Microfluidic platforms have emerged as attractive, powerful, and versatile tools for various biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, including nanomaterial synthesis, drug delivery, vaccine design, cell analysis, personalized medicine development, and diagnosis [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Among these, the continuous production of monodispersed nanomaterials (including soft lipid and polymer nanoparticles) and hard nanocrystals with controllable sizes and shapes is considered one of the frontline applications of microfluidics in recent years [ 1 , 5 , 7 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic Nanomaterial Synthesis and In Situ SAXS, WAXS, or SANS Characterization: Manipulation of Size Characteristics and Online Elucidation of Dynamic Structural Transitions

Yaghmur

Hamad

2022

Molecules

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With the ability to cross biological barriers, encapsulate and efficiently deliver drugs and nucleic acid therapeutics, and protect the loaded cargos from degradation, different soft polymer and lipid nanoparticles (including liposomes, cubosomes, and hexosomes) have received considerable interest in the last three decades as versatile platforms for drug delivery applications and for the design of vaccines. Hard nanocrystals (including gold nanoparticles and quantum dots) are also attractive for use in various biomedical applications. Here, microfluidics provides unique opportunities for the continuous synthesis of these hard and soft nanomaterials with controllable shapes and sizes, and their in situ characterization through manipulation of the flow conditions and coupling to synchrotron small-angle X-ray (SAXS), wide-angle scattering (WAXS), or neutron (SANS) scattering techniques, respectively. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic devices are attractive not only for the continuous production of monodispersed nanomaterials, but also for improving our understanding of the involved nucleation and growth mechanisms during the formation of hard nanocrystals under confined geometry conditions. They allow further gaining insight into the involved dynamic structural transitions, mechanisms, and kinetics during the generation of self-assembled nanostructures (including drug nanocarriers) at different reaction times (ranging from fractions of seconds to minutes). This review provides an overview of recently developed 2D and 3D microfluidic platforms for the continuous production of nanomaterials, and their simultaneous use in in situ characterization investigations through coupling to nanostructural characterization techniques (e.g., SAXS, WAXS, and SANS).

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A Review of Microfluidic Devices for Rheological Characterisation

Cited by 27 publications

References 121 publications

Assessment of Blood Biophysical Properties Using Pressure Sensing with Micropump and Microfluidic Comparator

Assessment of Blood Biophysical Properties Using Pressure Sensing with Micropump and Microfluidic Comparator

Microfluidic Rheometry and Particle Settling: Characterizing the Effect of Polymer Solution Elasticity

Microfluidic Nanomaterial Synthesis and In Situ SAXS, WAXS, or SANS Characterization: Manipulation of Size Characteristics and Online Elucidation of Dynamic Structural Transitions

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