A Review of Modified Steel Slag Application in Catalytic Pyrolysis, Organic Degradation, Electrocatalysis, Photocatalysis, Transesterification and Carbon Capture and Storage

Abstract

As a by-product of the iron and steel industry, steel slag is rich in catalytically active substances and can therefore be used as a solid catalyst. Many studies have shown that the application potential of steel slag in catalysis is huge, which provides new development space for its application, thereby increasing its additional utilization value. This article primarily reviews the research progress in catalytic fields such as catalytic pyrolysis, organic degradation, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, transesterification, and carbon capture and storage, as well as the modification methods of steel slag. The catalytic performance of the modified steel slag has been further improved, and it has the meaningful characteristics of high efficiency, cleanliness, and low costs.

Polyurethane reinforced with micro/nano waste slag as a shielding panel for photons (experimental and theoretical study)

“…Iron slag (IS) is rich in metal oxides such as CaO, SiO 2 , and Al 2 O 3 . These compounds exhibit excellent catalytic carbonization and smoke suppression effects in combustion and thus have potential applications in fire-retarding fields 10 , 11 .…”

Bis(dimethylpyrazolyl)-aniline- s -triazine derivatives as efficient corrosion inhibitors for C-steel and computational studies

“…Owing to their strength and cost effectiveness, iron alloys are undoubtedly considered as the efficient constructive backbones of metallic structures [ 1 ]. Due to its widespread applications, iron steel is being used in almost every aspect of our daily lives and, consequently, is subjected to constant modifications to enhance structural features [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Direct Synthesis of a Regenerative CaO–Fe3O4–SiO2 Composite Adsorbent from Converter Slag for CO2 Capture Applications

“…Among the CCS technologies currently proposed, − adsorption of CO 2 using CaO via the carbonation/decarbonation reaction (CaO(s) + CO 2 (g) = CaCO 3 (s), Δ H ° 298 = −178.2 kJ/mol), namely calcium looping, has been expected to be a more promising technology than other technologies because of the superior theoretical CO 2 uptake of 0.78 g-CO 2 /g-CaO and economical feasibility. − The CCS technology via Ca looping using CaO adsorbent requires the installation of a carbonator that adsorbs CO 2 (operated at around 600–700 °C) and a calciner kiln that desorbs CO 2 (operated at around 800–900 °C) for a continuous operation. , At present, the concentrated CO 2 is supposed to be sequestered into deep saline aquifer and sea sediments for the long-term storage of CO 2 or supposed to be utilized in some cases for productive uses (such as the production of C1 chemicals, feeding greenhouses, and feeding algae installations for biofuel production). ,, To date, a number of studies have been done to identify CaO-based adsorbents with a high CO 2 uptake and durability under high-temperature conditions. − ,− However, the rapid decrease of the CO 2 uptake during repeated adsorption cycles due to sintering of CaO particles has been a main drawback, limiting practical application of calcium looping for CO 2 capture. In addition, commercial production of effective and durable CaO-based CO 2 adsorbents at a low cost remains challenging. − Steel slags containing a high content of CaO drawn from low-cost and abundant reserves in the steel-making industry are expected to be potential feedstocks for direct CO 2 sequestration via carbonation or CaO-based CO 2 adsorbent synthesis (as well as catalyst synthesis − ). For example, steel slags have been examined for carbonation under pressurized CO 2 conditions to permanently sequester CO 2 , while decarbonation behavior and regenerability which are essential features as reusable adsorbents have rarely been investigated. − Selective extraction of Ca components from steel slags to prepare CaO (CaCO 3 ) as a CO 2 adsorbent has also been demonstrated in the literature; however, the other components mostly end up being unused, resulting in a low metal recycle efficiency. −…”