A review of modulation strategies for improving the catalytic performance of transition metal sulfide self-supported electrodes for the hydrogen evolution reaction

Abstract

Electrocatalytic water splitting is considered to be one of the most promising technologies for large-scale sustained production of H2. Developing non-noble metal-based electrocatalytic materials with low cost, high activity and...

FeNi2S4/NF as a Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for Seawater Splitting

“…After the OER reaction, the diffraction peaks of Ni and Fe shifted correspondingly, indicating that Ni and Fe were oxidized. − It is worth noting that the diffraction peak shift of Fe is smaller than that of Ni, which may be due to the different voltages at which Ni 2+ is oxidized to Ni 3+ and Fe 2+ is oxidized to Fe 3+ . After the OER reaction, XPS of S 2p decreased and SO 4 2– increased. ,, The structure that can be formed after incomplete oxidation of the OER has good OER activity, enhanced conductivity, and good durability and has a significant impact on regulating the electrochemical environment of FeNi 2 S 4 /NF arrays.…”

“…Hydrogen is without a doubt regarded as the most potential clean energy carrier because of its excellent recyclability, status as a clean fuel, and high energy density. − In the current hydrogen (H 2 ) generating technology, the electrochemical water electrolysis process, which is driven by renewable energy, provides a financially viable, ecologically responsible, and sustainable method of producing exceptionally pure hydrogen. , The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on the anode side and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on the cathode side make up the entire water electrolysis process. , The multistep proton and electron transfer process and the stiff O–O bond cause one of these kinetics, the OER kinetics, to be slower and thus lower the total water-splitting efficiency. The overpotential of OER may be considerably reduced and the kinetics of OER may be accelerated by the use of highly active OER catalysts. − At now, the most effective OER catalysts are the noble metal oxides RuO 2 and IrO 2 .…”

Ni and VN Nanoparticles Supported on N-Doped Carbon Layer Containing Ni Single Atoms as Electrocatalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

“…In the era of increasing energy crisis and environmental pollution, finding efficient, clean, and environmentally sustainable energy has become an urgent issue. − Hydrogen energy is acknowledged as an eco-friendly, sustainable, and substitute energy solution to meet the worldwide demand for 60% of global energy. − Currently, various methods for hydrogen production have been developed by the scientific community, including thermochemical processes, biological approaches, direct solar water decomposition, and electrolytic water splitting. − Among them, hydrogen generation through electrochemical water splitting is the most promising approach, as it is a sustainable pathway with low complexity. − To date, Pt-based materials have shown exceptional activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but their scarcity and cost make them unsuitable for practical use. − Consequently, it is essential to develop water splitting by utilizing efficient, inexpensive, and abundant reserve-based non-noble-metal electrocatalysts.…”

Vertically Oriented FeNiO Nanosheet Array for Urea and Water Electrolysis at Industrial-Scale Current Density

“…It is of utmost importance for human civilization to prioritize the use of clean and renewable sources of energy to combat environmental pollution and the energy crisis. This shift from the current multicarbon pattern is not only necessary but also crucial for ensuring the sustainability of our planet and safeguarding the future of generations to come. − Therefore, hydrogen has gained significant attention as a clean and high-energy-density resource . Electrochemical water splitting produces pure hydrogen and oxygen using sustainable electricity with no carbon emission. − Overall water splitting consists of two half-cell reactions: the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the cathode and anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode: HER false( at cathode): 2H 2 O + 2e − → H 2 + 2OH − OER false( at anode): .25em 2H 2 O → O 2 + 2H 2 O + 4e − The thermodynamic voltages of the OER and HER are 1.23 and 0 V vs RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode), respectively. − Overall water splitting relies on the anodic OER, which is a vital half-reaction because, during the OER process, four proton–electron transfers occur, and it involves an uphill thermodynamic process that cleaves the O–H bond and forms the O–O bond.…”