A review of monitoring of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: An African perspective

Munyeza, Chiedza F.; Rohwer, Egmont Richard; Forbes, Patricia B.C.

doi:10.1016/j.teac.2019.e00070

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Elevated PAH levels were also found in rural homes of Burundi (average of 43 µg m –3 for 12 PAHs; Viau et al ), Vietnam (total of 957 µg m –3 for 18 ΣPAHs; Kim Oanh et al ), and Thailand (total of 366 µg m –3 for 17 ΣPAHs) when firewood, sawdust briquettes, or kerosene were used in domestic cook stoves. However, lower total concentrations, in the nanograms per cubic meter range, have been reported in other African indoor environments (Munyeza et al ), for instance, in Sierra Leone, where total concentrations ranged from 1.38 to 4282 ng m –3 , which could have been a result of only the particle phase being measured.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…For example, in Finland, Chile, and the United States, ΣPAH16 values from residential wood combustion are 78, 72, and 46% of the national PAH emission totals, respectively (Shen H et al 2013;Shen et al 2017). However, recent reviews on the current status of atmospheric PAHs in Africa have indicated that there are few data on the measurement of these organic compounds and their associated health outcomes (Kalisa et al 2019;Munyeza et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Gaseous Emissions from Household Cooking Devices: A Kenyan Case Study

Munyeza

Aloys

Maghanga

et al. 2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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In developing countries, household energy use is highly variable and complex, yet emissions arising from fuel combustion indoors are typically poorly quantified. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are emitted during the combustion of organic fuels such as charcoal and biomass. In the present study, multichannel polydimethylsiloxane rubber traps were used for gas‐phase PAH sampling and extracted using a low–solvent volume plunger‐assisted solvent extraction method. Sixteen US Environmental Protection Agency priority PAHs, primarily in the gas phase, were investigated in indoor air of rural and urban residential homes in coastal Kenya (Mombasa and Taita Taveta Counties) using typical combustion devices of each area. Average gaseous PAH concentrations per household were higher in rural (ranging 0.81–6.09 µg m–3) compared to urban (ranging 0–2.59 µg m–3) homes, although ambient PAH concentrations were higher in urban environments, likely attributable to traffic contributions. The impact of fuel choice and thereby combustion device on PAH emissions was very clear, with the highest concentrations of PAHs quantified from wood‐burning emissions from 3‐stone stoves (total PAH averages 46.23 ± 3.24 µg m–3 [n = 6]). Average benzo[a]pyrene equivalent total concentrations were evaluated for the priority PAHs and ranged from not detected to 43.31, 88.38, 309.61, and 453.88 ng m–3 for gas, kerosene, jiko, 3‐stone, and improved 3‐stone stoves, respectively. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:538–547. © 2019 SETAC

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Gaseous Emissions from Household Cooking Devices: A Kenyan Case Study

Munyeza

Aloys

Maghanga

et al. 2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is interesting to note that when comparing poverty across individuals for each seasonal period, participants with higher poverty had higher exposure to certain combustion products (e.g., benzo[k]fluoranthene), suggesting that poverty may play a role in exposure to these toxic chemicals (Figure S1). While the exposure assessment to select PAHs identified as carcinogens has been monitored in past studies based in rural regions of Africa, exposures to most of the 150 PAHs detected in this study have not been previously reported. ,− Hence further work looking into the complex array of individual PAHs and their potential combined health impacts on these children is warranted, as PAH toxicity can drastically differ depending on chemical species. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Assessing the External Exposome Using Wearable Passive Samplers and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry among South African Children Participating in the VHEMBE Study

Koelmel¹,

Lin²,

DeLay³

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Children in low-and middle-income countries are often exposed to higher levels of chemicals and are more vulnerable to the health effects of air pollution. Little is known about the diversity, toxicity, and dynamics of airborne chemical exposures at the molecular level. We developed a workflow employing state-of-the-art wearable passive sampling technology coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry to comprehensively measure 147 children's personal exposures to airborne chemicals in Limpopo, South Africa, as part of the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies, and Their Environment (VHEMBE). 637 environmental exposures were detected, many of which have never been measured in this population; of these 50 airborne chemical exposures of concern were detected, including pesticides, plasticizers, organophosphates, dyes, combustion products, and perfumes. Biocides detected in wristbands included p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p′-DDT), p,p′dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (p,p′-DDD), p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′-DDE), propoxur, piperonyl butoxide, and triclosan. Exposures differed across the assessment period with 27% of detected chemicals observed to be either higher or lower in the wet or dry seasons.

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“…Consequently, the interaction of PAHs with one another or with the PM surface seems to trigger the fluorescence excited at 514 nm. Such a perturbative effect (e.g., aggregate formation) on the luminescence has been observed in solutions (Nakagawa et al, 2013).…”

Section: Raman Micro-spectroscopy Analysismentioning

confidence: 78%

Chemical discrimination of the particulate and gas phases of miniCAST exhausts using a two-filter collection method

et al. 2020

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Abstract. Combustion of hydrocarbons produces both particulate- and gas-phase emissions responsible for major impacts on atmospheric chemistry and human health. Ascertaining the impact of these emissions, especially on human health, is not straightforward because of our relatively poor knowledge of how chemical compounds are partitioned between the particle and gas phases. Accordingly, we propose coupling a two-filter sampling method with a multi-technique analytical approach to fully characterize the particulate- and gas-phase compositions of combustion by-products. The two-filter sampling method is designed to retain particulate matter (elemental carbon possibly covered in a surface layer of adsorbed molecules) on a first quartz fiber filter while letting the gas phase pass through and then trap the most volatile components on a second black-carbon-covered filter. All samples thus collected are subsequently subjected to a multi-technique analytical protocol involving two-step laser mass spectrometry (L2MS), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Using the combination of this two-filter sampling–multi-technique approach in conjunction with advanced statistical methods, we are able to unravel distinct surface chemical compositions of aerosols generated with different set points of a miniCAST burner. Specifically, we successfully discriminate samples by their volatile, semi-volatile, and non-volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contents and reveal how subtle changes in combustion parameters affect particle surface chemistry.

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A review of monitoring of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: An African perspective

Cited by 22 publications

References 83 publications

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Gaseous Emissions from Household Cooking Devices: A Kenyan Case Study

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Gaseous Emissions from Household Cooking Devices: A Kenyan Case Study

Assessing the External Exposome Using Wearable Passive Samplers and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry among South African Children Participating in the VHEMBE Study

Chemical discrimination of the particulate and gas phases of miniCAST exhausts using a two-filter collection method

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