A Review of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with COVID-19

Ghodsi, Alireza; Malek, Abdolreza; Ghahremani, Sara

doi:10.5812/hmj.107048

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…K. pneumoniae has been widely distributed in hospitals and known as an opportunistic bacterium for developing various types of nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients [19,35,36]. Antimicrobial resistance complicated the treatment of infections related to K. pneumoniae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Japan, all strains resistant to carbapenem have been evaluated every year and only two types of metallo-β-lactamases including VIM and IMP were reported, yet. Studies showed that the prevalence of VIM in Iran was lower than that of other countries such as South Korea, Japan, and France, and probably other resistance mechanisms such as efflux pumps, defects, and lack of external membrane proteins, including outer membrane protein D and carbapenem class D are involved in producing resistance to carbapenems [32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Analysis of KPC and GES Beta-Lactamase Genes in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae by PCR Method

Saltanatpour¹,

Saremi²,

Saremi³

et al. 2021

IJCCR

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Background: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumoniae) has been recently identified as the major class of pathogens and the treatment became the biggest challenge in this bacterium. We assessed the antibiotic resistance patterns of K. pneumoniae, the frequency of resistant strains to imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem, and the frequency of K. pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPC), and Guiana-Extended-Spectrum (GES) metallo-β-lactamase genes. Methods: The phenotypes of 200 strains of K. pneumonia, collected from 650 clinical samples, were isolating and identified in Qom, Iran. The antibiotic resistance pattern of the strains was analyzed against different antibiotics. The imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem-resistant strains, were isolated and the frequency of KPC and GES genes were evaluated. Results: K. pneumoniae strains had different resistance patterns against various antibiotics. The isolated strains with the highest and lowest antibiotic resistance were related to ampicillin, and meropenem, respectively. Investigation of the KPC and GES β lactamase showed that none of 48 imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem-resistance isolates had the KPC gene. In addition, the GES gene was detected in 3(2.7%) of 110 ceftazidime-resistant specimens. Conclusions: Carbapenem is useful in the treatment of K. pneumoniae infections. Due to the importance of the mechanisms of resistance is by β-lactamase genes, investigating the prevalence of β-lactamase genes can help to increase the necessity of choosing the appropriate treatment for K. pneumoniae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Analysis of KPC and GES Beta-Lactamase Genes in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae by PCR Method

Saltanatpour¹,

Saremi²,

Saremi³

et al. 2021

IJCCR

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“…severe cardiac complications following the COVID-19 infection (9). Reports on MIS-C have shown coronary artery involvement, myocarditis, ventricular dysfunction, hemodynamic instability, and PICU admission, all of which suggest that cardiac dysfunction might be a notable risk factor for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatrics (10). Therefore, a literature review in this regard would be beneficial.…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Manifestations of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Ghodsi

Mahmoudabadi

Ghahremani

et al. 2021

Arch Pediatr Infect Dis

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Context: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is an emerging condition after the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, termed COVID-19. This study aimed to describe the cardiac manifestations of children diagnosed with MIS-C. Evidence Acquisition: This narrative review was conducted by searching the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to review MIS-C cardiac manifestations up to September 30, 2020. The demographic features, past medical history, clinical signs and symptoms, cardiac involvement, and the type of COVID-19 diagnosis confirmation were extracted. Results: In many children, MIS-C seems to be a post-infectious complication of the COVID-19 infection. This syndrome affects multiple organs and has various clinical manifestations mimicking Kawasaki disease. Patients frequently present with persistent fever, kidney injury, gastrointestinal (GI) problems, neurologic symptoms, mucosal changes, conjunctivitis, and cardiac involvement. Children with MIS are more likely to present with hypotension, shock, and cardiac dysfunction, rather than coronary artery abnormalities and arrhythmia. Children with MIS need close observation; some need to be hospitalized, and a few may need a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) admission. Treatment currently includes anticoagulants, IV immunoglobulin, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Conclusions: As a novel syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, MIS-C is potentially lethal. Cardiac manifestations, including coronary and myocardial involvement, are common and should be carefully identified. With prompt diagnosis and proper treatment, most children will survive, but the outcomes of the disease are unknown, so long-term follow-ups are required.

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“…Based on reports on this syndrome, persistent fever (4-6 days) and gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., abdominal pain) are the common presentation in almost all children. 22 The following symptoms have occurred in at least half of the patients: rash, conjunctivitis, mucous membrane involvement, neurological symptoms (e.g., headache), cardiac involvement, and respiratory symptoms (e.g., tachypnea and labored breathing). Other clinical manifestations such as sore throat, myalgia, swollen hands/feet, and lymphadenopathy have also been seen in less than 20% of MIS-C patients.…”

Section: Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children Versus Kawasaki Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Current Treatment Guidelines of SARS-CoV-2 Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Literature Review and Expert Opinion

Ghodsi

Sarabi

Malek

et al. 2021

Journal of Child Science

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Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a systemic disorder that seems to be associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since April 2020, there have been multiple reports about children with this new condition worldwide, including Europe, Asia, Latin America, and North America. The symptoms of this syndrome mimic the clinical manifestations of Kawasaki disease; therefore, the treatment of Kawasaki disease, as well as supportive care, was the management of choice in children with MIS-C in the early days of recognizing it. It is important to precisely ascertain the risk of COVID-19 infection and its severity in children and to acknowledge the management of this syndrome, with reliable data from cohorts, trials, and experts' opinions. In the current review, we summarize the current management guidelines for MIS-C and present our own protocol to answer some clinical questions regarding MIS-C management during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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A Review of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with COVID-19

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

Molecular Analysis of KPC and GES Beta-Lactamase Genes in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae by PCR Method

Molecular Analysis of KPC and GES Beta-Lactamase Genes in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae by PCR Method

Cardiac Manifestations of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Current Treatment Guidelines of SARS-CoV-2 Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Literature Review and Expert Opinion

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