A review of nanoparticle photosensitizer drug delivery uptake systems for photodynamic treatment of lung cancer

Mokwena, Mpho Gift; Kruger, Cherie Ann; Mfouo-Tynga, Ivan; Abrahamse, Heidi

doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.03.006

Cited by 133 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Lung cancer has long been one of the main targets of photodynamic therapy approaches [ 149 , 150 , 151 ]. The latest reviews on this matter have described new approaches to enhance the delivery of the PS to the target tissues.…”

Section: Photodynamic Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Applications of the Photoprotective Properties of Anthocyanins in Biological Systems

Oliveira

Correia

Pereira

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Due to their physical and chemical characteristics, anthocyanins are amongst the most versatile groups of natural compounds. Such unique signature makes these compounds a focus in several different areas of research. Anthocyanins have well been reported as bioactive compounds in a myriad of health disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and obesity, among others, due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, and anti-proliferative capacities. Such a vast number of action mechanisms may be also due to the number of structurally different anthocyanins plus their related derivatives. In this review, we highlight the recent advances on the potential use of anthocyanins in biological systems with particular focus on their photoprotective properties. Topics such as skin aging and eye degenerative diseases, highly influenced by light, and the action of anthocyanins against such damages will be discussed. Photodynamic Therapy and the potential role of anthocyanins as novel photosensitizers will be also a central theme of this review.

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Section: Photodynamic Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Applications of the Photoprotective Properties of Anthocyanins in Biological Systems

Oliveira

Correia

Pereira

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Once the PS has successfully localised in targeted tumours, it is then activated by exposing it to a specific wavelength of light ( Figure 2 ) [ 9 ]. The PS then absorbs these light photons and so becomes excited and stimulated from a ground state to a higher level of energy, known as a singlet state [ 10 ]. Then through a mechanism known as intersystem crossing (which results in a change in the spin of an electron) an excited singlet state PS can then convert into a triplet state PS [ 8 ].…”

Section: Photodynamic Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the second pathway energy is transferred from the excited triplet state PS and ground state molecular oxygen ( 3 O 2 ), resulting in the formation of highly reactive singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) species [ 12 ]. These final resulting ROS and singlet oxygen species are cytotoxic and so trigger apoptotic, necrotic or autophagy-associated cell death mechanisms in tumour cells via oxidation ( Figure 2 ) [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Both PDT pathway reactions may occur simultaneously, however PSs generally favour the first pathway of ROS generation followed by apoptotic cell death within in vitro anti-cancer PDT [ 12 ].…”

Section: Photodynamic Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilisation of Targeted Nanoparticle Photosensitiser Drug Delivery Systems for the Enhancement of Photodynamic Therapy

Kruger

Abrahamse

2018

Molecules

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The cancer incidence world-wide has caused an increase in the demand for effective forms of treatment. One unconventional form of treatment for cancer is photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT has 3 fundamental factors, namely a photosensitiser (PS) drug, light and oxygen. When a PS drug is administered to a patient, it can either passively or actively accumulate within a tumour site and once exposed to a specific wavelength of light, it is excited to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in tumour destruction. However, the efficacy of ROS generation for tumour damage is highly dependent on the uptake of the PS in tumour cells. Thus, PS selective/targeted uptake and delivery in tumour cells is a crucial factor in PDT cancer drug absorption studies. Generally, within non-targeted drug delivery mechanisms, only minor amounts of PS are able to passively accumulate in tumour sites (due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect) and the remainder distributes into healthy tissues, causing unwanted side effects and poor treatment prognosis. Thus, to improve the efficacy of PDT cancer treatment, research is currently focused on the development of specific receptor-based PS-nanocarrier platform drugs, which promote the active uptake and absorption of PS drugs in tumour sites only, avoiding unwanted side effects, as well as treatment enhancement. Therefore, the aim of this review paper is to focus on current actively targeted or passively delivered PS nanoparticle drug delivery systems, that have been previously investigated for the PDT treatment of cancer and so to deduce their overall efficacy and recent advancements.

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“…GBMs, porphyrins and related compounds (as phthalocyanines, chlorins, azide-substituted porphyrinoids) have been individually explored (through different synthetic methods and functionalization routes) for different medical cancer treatments, as extensively reviewed elsewhere. [181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193] However, both systems individually present some limitations, such as the low solubility of GO or the aggregation tendency of porphyrins in physiological medium, due to the presence of salts and to the nonspecific binding of proteins..…”

Section: Applications Of Go/porphyrin Hybrids In Cancer Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of Graphene Oxide with Porphyrins: Synthetic Routes and Biological Applications

2020

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Among the available carbon nanomaterials, graphene oxide (GO) has been widely studied because of the possibility of anchoring different chemical species for a large number of applications, including those requiring water‐compatible systems. This Review summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art of synthetic routes used to functionalize GO, such as those involving multiple covalent and non‐covalent bonds to organic molecules, functionalization with nanoparticles and doping. As a recent development in this field, special focus is given to the formation of nanocomposites comprising GO and porphyrins, and their characterization through spectroscopic techniques (such as UV‐Vis, fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy), among others. The potential of such hybrid systems in targeted biological applications is also discussed, namely for cancer therapies relying on photodynamic and photothermal therapies and for the inhibition of telomerase enzyme. Lastly, some promising alternative materials to GO are presented to overcome current challenges of GO‐based research and to inspire future research directions in this field.

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A review of nanoparticle photosensitizer drug delivery uptake systems for photodynamic treatment of lung cancer

Cited by 133 publications

References 49 publications

Exploring the Applications of the Photoprotective Properties of Anthocyanins in Biological Systems

Exploring the Applications of the Photoprotective Properties of Anthocyanins in Biological Systems

Utilisation of Targeted Nanoparticle Photosensitiser Drug Delivery Systems for the Enhancement of Photodynamic Therapy

Functionalization of Graphene Oxide with Porphyrins: Synthetic Routes and Biological Applications

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