A Review of Non-Chemical Alternatives to SO<sub>2</sub>Fumigation to Prevent Pericarp Browning of Litchi

Kore, Vijaykumar T.; Chakraborty, Ivi

doi:10.1080/15538362.2013.818392

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Enzymatic and non-enzymatic pericarp browning severely limits litchi storage and the possibility of especially longrange transport. Corresponding to the above pericarp browning factors, several mitigation methods have been developed, such as SO 2 fumigation (Kore et al 2014), controlled atmosphere (Tian et al 2005), radiation in combination with low-temperature storage (Mishra et al 2012), and chemical treatments (Kumari et al 2015, Ali et al 2019. However, a long-term and effective method is still needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection and validation of reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in the pericarp of Litchi chinensis

F.¹,

Sun²,

MEN³

et al. 2022

Biologia plant.

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CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 11; CDC40 -cell division cycle 40 homolog; CDK5 -CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 3; Ct -threshold cycle; E2F-4A -Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-14; EF-hand -EF-hand calcium binding domain; GAGA-25 -GATA transcription factor 25; HDAC9 -histone deacetylase 9; HLM2B -histone-lysine_Nmethyltransferase 2B; NtaA -N(alpha)-acetyltransferase 16, NatA auxiliary; pbP -peroxisome biogenesis protein 22-like; RFU1 -RING finger ubiquitin ligase; RT-qPCR -reverse transcription qPCR; RUB1 -ubiquitin-NEDD8-like protein RUB1; STAM -Stam binding; TL-OEMC -translocon at the outer membrane of chloroplasts 64; UPF3 -UPF3 regulator of nonsense transcripts homolog UPF3; V -variation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection and validation of reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in the pericarp of Litchi chinensis

F.¹,

Sun²,

MEN³

et al. 2022

Biologia plant.

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show abstract

“…Several mitigation methods have been developed, such as SO2 fumigation [20], controlled atmosphere treatments [41], radiation in combination with low temperature storage [28], and dip treatments [1,22,23]. However, a long-term and effective method remains lacking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection and validation of reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in Litchi chinensis Sonn. pericarp

Sun

Men

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) is an important tool for gene expression analysis and function identification. Suitable reference genes are the basis of accurate and reliable qPCR results. Litchi ( Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is a commercially important tropical and subtropical fruit crop, rapid pericarp browning is the major negative impact on the industry. Reference gene validation would help screen for genes involved in the browning mechanism.Results: In this study, fifteen new candidate reference genes, identified with transcriptome data, were assessed to determine stable reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis of litchi pericarps from different varieties, with differing postharvest storage, and under pathogenic inoculation. Ct values, Genorm, Normfind, and Reffinder algorithms, were used to identify the most stable genes. The results showed that GAGA-25 was the most stable gene for comparing different varieties of fresh pericarp, HDAC9 was the most stable gene for postharvest pericarp, STAM was the most stable for inoculated pericarp. Among the candidate reference genes, GAGA-25 was the most stable reference gene across the complete sample set.Conclusion: This study evaluated reference gene stability for qRT-PCR with litchi pericarp. This work supplies a foundation for qPCR use in future gene function and molecular mechanism studies of litchi pericarp browning.

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“…In Bangladesh, average postharvest losses for litchi from harvesting, handling from farm to retail market and to the consumers is estimated at 37.1% (Molla et al, 2010). According to Kore and Chakraborty (2014), postharvest losses of litchi are estimated to be 20%–30% of the harvested fruit and could be as high as 50% before final consumption. The common postharvest physiological disorders associated with the litchi fruit include; pericarp browning, desiccation, and decay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the impacts of harvest stages, citric acid and calcium lactate treatments on changes in quality attributes and natural microbiota of minimally processed litchi during storage

Nhleko

Caleb

Ngcobo

et al. 2022

Food Processing Preservation

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The study investigated the changes in quality of minimally processed litchi arils, harvested at two different dates (H) and treated with citric acid (1%, T1), calcium lactate (1%, T2), and citric acid (1%) + calcium lactate (1%) (T3) for 2 min. Treated litchi arils and non‐treated (control) were packed in punnets and stored at 1°C for 12 days and sampled every 3 days. To simulate consumer shelf life conditions, at each sampling day, additional samples were transferred to 10°C and stored for 2 days. The interaction effects of harvest dates, postharvest treatments, and storage duration significantly influenced TA, PH, radical scavenging activity, and ascorbic acid content of the litchi arils (p < .05). At the end of storage, litchi arils harvested early and treated with T3 presented higher radical scavenging activity (36.6 mmol AAE/ml). In contrast, fruit harvested late and treated with T3 had higher ascorbic acid content (72.9 μg/ml) at the end of the storage. Browning was significantly reduced in litchi arils harvested early and treated with T3 (−534.5) at the end of storage. The natural fungal profile on litchi arils was influenced by harvest date, pre‐treatments, cold storage, and duration. Colletotrichum gloeosporroides was found to be the most dominant, followed by Phomopsis sophorae in early‐harvested litchi arils before storage. However, Diaporthe sp. were found to be the most dominant during cold storage. For the late harvest litchi arils, Chaetomium sp., and Trametes polyzona were observed to be dominant. Practical applications The greatest postharvest limitation to litchi fruit is pericarp browning, which causes consumers rejection in the market while the edible portion is still in excellent condition. Following the rejection of sulfur dioxide fumigation as a method of pericarp browning control, minimal processing of litchi fruit at different harvest stages and pre‐treated with organic acids (citric acid, calcium lactate, and their combination) was carried out. The findings from the study showed that minimally processed litchi arils treated with citric acid alone or combined with calcium lactate could potentially maintain its freshness.

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A Review of Non-Chemical Alternatives to SO₂Fumigation to Prevent Pericarp Browning of Litchi

Cited by 6 publications

References 80 publications

Selection and validation of reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in the pericarp of Litchi chinensis

Selection and validation of reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in the pericarp of Litchi chinensis

Selection and validation of reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in Litchi chinensis Sonn. pericarp

Investigating the impacts of harvest stages, citric acid and calcium lactate treatments on changes in quality attributes and natural microbiota of minimally processed litchi during storage

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A Review of Non-Chemical Alternatives to SO2Fumigation to Prevent Pericarp Browning of Litchi

Cited by 6 publications

References 80 publications

Selection and validation of reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in the pericarp of Litchi chinensis

Selection and validation of reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in the pericarp of Litchi chinensis

Selection and validation of reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in Litchi chinensis Sonn. pericarp

Investigating the impacts of harvest stages, citric acid and calcium lactate treatments on changes in quality attributes and natural microbiota of minimally processed litchi during storage

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A Review of Non-Chemical Alternatives to SO₂Fumigation to Prevent Pericarp Browning of Litchi