A Review of Non-Destructive Techniques for Lithium-Ion Battery Performance Analysis

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries are considered the most suitable option for powering electric vehicles in modern transportation systems due to their high energy density, high energy efficiency, long cycle life, and low weight. Nonetheless, several safety concerns and their tendency to lose charge over time demand methods capable of determining their state of health accurately, as well as estimating a range of relevant parameters in order to ensure their safe and efficient use. In this framework, non-destructive inspection methods play a fundamental role in assessing the condition of lithium-ion batteries, allowing for their thorough examination without causing any damage. This aspect is particularly crucial when batteries are exploited in critical applications and when evaluating the potential second life usage of the cells. This review explores various non-destructive methods for evaluating lithium batteries, i.e., electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, infrared thermography, X-ray computed tomography and ultrasonic testing, considers and compares several aspects such as sensitivity, flexibility, accuracy, complexity, industrial applicability, and cost. Hence, this work aims at providing academic and industrial professionals with a tool for choosing the most appropriate methodology for a given application.

A Review of the Technical Challenges and Solutions in Maximising the Potential Use of Second Life Batteries from Electric Vehicles

“…However, this is a very expensive and time-consuming methodology for SoH determination [74]. The most common non-destructive methods for the health assessment of lithium-ion batteries include electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), X-ray computed tomography (XCT), and ultrasonic testing (UT), which provide accurate estimations of the simultaneous SOC, SOH, and temperature parameters [75]. As an alternative efficient method for SoH estimation of the batteries and determination of the chemical and physical health of the cells, the electrochemical-impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method is recommended by most of the recent research [74,[76][77][78].…”