A review of PCB-11 and other unintentionally produced PCB congeners in outdoor air

Mastin, Jacob; Harner, Tom; Schuster, Jasmin K.; South, Lauren

doi:10.1016/j.apr.2022.101364

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…12 Although theoretically comprising 209 individual congeners, most studies focus on the congeners present in deliberately produced technical mixtures. However, there is increasing interest in other PCB congeners, i.e., unintentional byproducts in the production of other compounds (e.g., pigments 13,14 ) and in combustion and industrial thermal processes. 15,16 There is also increasing interest in inhalation exposure to PCBs, especially indoors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although theoretically comprising 209 individual congeners, most studies focus on the congeners present in deliberately produced technical mixtures. However, there is increasing interest in other PCB congeners, i.e., unintentional byproducts in the production of other compounds (e.g., pigments , ) and in combustion and industrial thermal processes. , There is also increasing interest in inhalation exposure to PCBs, especially indoors. , Under some circumstances, inhalation of gas-phase PCBs may be as or even more critical than ingestion as an exposure route . It is mainly the more volatile congeners with a small number of chlorines that are most relevant in this regard. , Combined, these two trends create a need for the ability to accurately measure the full suite of PCBs in the gas phase of indoor and outdoor air.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unbiased Passive Sampling of All Polychlorinated Biphenyls Congeners from Air

Zhan

Shunthirasingham

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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The desire to quantify the presence of a wide range of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in air is driven both by an interest in the sources and fate of unintentionally produced congeners and in quantifying human inhalation exposure to volatile PCBs. The wide volatility range can introduce bias when sampling the entire suite of PCBs. Here, we present the result of a field calibration experiment that demonstrates that even the most volatile PCBs maintain linear uptake in a passive air sampler using XAD-resin as the sorbent (XAD-PAS). Empirically derived sampling rates (SRs) for 66 congeners decrease with the number of chlorines and, within a homologue, increase with the number of chlorines in the ortho-position. The large seasonal temperature range at the site of the calibration allowed for an estimation of the temperature dependence of the SRs. The effects of chlorine substitution and temperature can be expressed quantitatively through a regression relating the SR to the sorption constant to XAD from the gas phase. As a result, it is possible to estimate SRs for all congeners at any deployment temperature. The XAD-PAS is well suited for unbiased sampling of gaseous PCBs in a wide variety of settings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unbiased Passive Sampling of All Polychlorinated Biphenyls Congeners from Air

Zhan

Shunthirasingham

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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“…However, congeners that are not expected to occur at all in Clophen mixtures also appear, such as PCB 11. Consequently, two hypotheses can be considered relevant to explain its occurrence: PCB 11 can result from the dechlorination of higher-chlorinated congeners, e.g., from PCB 101 via PCBs 52 and 70 and further PCBs 26 and 35 (all of which were detected or suspected in the MIW, Tables and S8), but could also occur as a result of water contact with painted surfaces since PCB 11 plays a particular role in organic paint production. , Compared to the congener distribution in Clophen mixtures, divergent congener distribution in the MIW also gives a further hint on predominant reduction of non-ortho and mono-ortho PCBs (e.g., PCB 28), whereas di-ortho PCBs occur in higher concentrations. Premising the same chlorination degree, di-ortho PCBs are assumed to be less toxic than non-ortho or mono-ortho chlorinated PCBs but are discussed in terms of lower degradation and increased bioaccumulation. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Between Underground and the Deep Blue Sea: Contamination of Mine Water Effluents by Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

Wiltschka,

Wolkersdorfer,

Düring

et al. 2023

ACS EST Water

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were used as industrial chemicals due to their beneficial physicochemical properties in many applications until the recognition of their adverse effects. Although being banned for decades, PCBs are still ubiquitous in the environment due to their congener-specific high persistence and their ongoing remobilization from contaminated sites. While mining influenced water (MIW) was generally known to be a potential source of PCB contamination, hardly anything was known about concentrations, congener patterns, or PCB loads. For further elucidation of environmental risks, 14 MIW samples from five mine water effluents were analyzed for a set of 58 PCB congeners and biphenyl by a specifically optimized SPME-GC-MS method (LOD 0.004−0.58 ng L −1 ). As a result, 53 mono-to heptachlorinated congeners could be detected in concentrations of 0.01−25.9 ng L −1 per congener, of which mainly tri-but also diand tetrachlorinated PCBs were identified in higher concentrations. Total PCB concentrations (0.02−0.12 mg m −3 ) and annual loads (0.1−0.7 kg PCBs a −1 per mine) show the relevance of MIW as an additional point source for PCB release to the environment. Implementation of water treatment is recommended to achieve a decrease in these contaminant loads in agreement with worldwide efforts to eliminate PCBs.

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“…PCB-011, a commonly found but unintentionally produced PCB congener [ 39 ], was removed from the analysis due to its high concentration in most samples. One hundred and sixty-one congeners were summed to provide a total concentration (∑PCBs; Table S3 , excluding PCB-011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary records of contaminant inputs in Frobisher Bay, Nunavut

Bartley,

Tremblay,

De Silva

et al. 2024

Environmental Science and Ecotechnology

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A review of PCB-11 and other unintentionally produced PCB congeners in outdoor air

Cited by 13 publications

References 93 publications

Unbiased Passive Sampling of All Polychlorinated Biphenyls Congeners from Air

Unbiased Passive Sampling of All Polychlorinated Biphenyls Congeners from Air

Between Underground and the Deep Blue Sea: Contamination of Mine Water Effluents by Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

Sedimentary records of contaminant inputs in Frobisher Bay, Nunavut

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