A review of PCM technology for thermal energy storage in the built environment: Part I

Whiffen, T.R.; Riffat, Saffa

doi:10.1093/ijlct/cts021

Cited by 69 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Here based on the given temperature, an organic PCM (Methyl Eicosanate) was considered most appropriate. Organic PCMs are the most viable latent heat storage materials due to their long‐term stability . The thermal properties of PCMs are presented in Table .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving clean energy greenhouse heating with solar thermal energy storage and phase change materials

2019

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Greenhouses consume a great deal of energy to heat their building envelopes.The strategic integration of solar energy and thermal energy storage (TES) can help to boost energy performance and reduce the carbon emission in the sector. In this paper, the benefits of adding phase change materials (PCM) to the water tank of a solar heating system have been evaluated using the Transient System Simulation (TRNSYS) program. Initially, the hourly heating load of a reference greenhouse was evaluated using TRNSYS software. The results were validated with natural gas consumption data. The validated simulation was then used to investigate the impact of PCM on the performance of a large-scale solar energy system. Four system configurations were evaluated; no PCM materials in the tank, then 20%, 40%, and 60% of the water tank volume occupied by PCM. Energy performance improvements of 10% to 14% were observed by increasing the proportion of PCM amounts over the baseline conventional system. Finally, an economic study was conducted to investigate the cost feasibility of different PCM concentrations. It was shown that PCM price, cost of natural gas, and carbon tax are the principal influence factors on the payback period. K E Y W O R D Sgreenhouse, phase change material (PCM), solar heating system

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving clean energy greenhouse heating with solar thermal energy storage and phase change materials

2019

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“…Referring to the melting temperature, materials with a melting/freezing temperature between 18 °C and 40 °C are particularly suitable as PCM for building applications; this range of temperatures is, in fact, considered to be an optimum. According to the literature, the temperature of phase transition of the selected PCM should be very close to the human comfort temperatures (i.e., 22–26 °C) [22,23]. Nevertheless, PCMs that fall within three temperature ranges have been suggested for use in buildings [16]: Up to 21 °C for cooling applications;From 22 °C to 28 °C for optimal human comfort;From 29 °C to 60 °C for hot water applications, such as in the case of radiant floors often using water combined with PCMs.…”

Section: Classification Of Pcmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An example of incorporating PCMs in an active system is radiant floors [5]. These systems consist of a lightweight piped radiant floor, where an integrated PCM layer is aimed at buffering internal gains during the summer season without affecting the winter warming capacity [22].…”

Section: Pcms In Building Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Change Materials for Energy Efficiency in Buildings and Their Use in Mortars

Frigione

Lettieri²,

Sarcinella³

2019

Materials

139

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The construction industry is responsible for consuming large amounts of energy. The development of new materials with the purpose of increasing the thermal efficiency of buildings is, therefore, becoming, imperative. Thus, during the last decades, integration of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) into buildings has gained interest. Such materials can reduce the temperature variations, leading to an improvement in human comfort and decreasing at the same time the energy consumption of buildings, due to their capability to absorb and release energy from/in the environment. In the present paper, recent experimental studies dealing with mortars or concrete-containing PCMs, used as passive building systems, have been examined. This review is mainly aimed at providing information on the currently investigated materials and the employed methodologies for their manufacture, as well as at summarizing the results achieved so far on this subject.

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“…PCMs are divided into organic, inorganic and eutectics compounds [1]. However, utilizing bulk quantities of organic PCMs such as paraffin or fatty acids results in low thermal conductivity, flammability, solidification around the edges, and diminished heat transfer [2,3]. In order to solve these problems, microencapsulation can be employed.…”

Section: Graphic Abstract Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foams containing thermoregulating microcapsules with phosphazene-based monomers

et al. 2020

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Thermoregulating microcapsules (MC) with flame-retardant properties were used to produce polyurethane (PU) foams. Thermogravimetric analyses of the microcapsules performed under atmospheric air and nitrogen confirmed that the hexa(methacryloylethylenedioxy) cyclotriphosphazene (PNC-HEMA) monomer raised the amount of residue after exposure to high temperature, proving the formation of a thermally stable char layer. Additionally, the flame-retardant properties of the microcapsules were analyzed by micro-combustion calorimetry (MCC), and the PU foams were tested by both MCC and cone calorimetry. The total heat release and maximum heat release rate were lower for microcapsules containing the flame-retardant PNC-HEMA. The composition of the microcapsules has been proved by MCC and TGA, where the release of the encapsulated phase change material (PCM) occurred at the expected temperature. However, in PU foams, the release of PCM is shifted to higher temperatures. Accordingly, these materials can be considered as an important alternative to commonly used microcapsules containing phase PCMs, where a lower flammability is required for their future application. Graphic abstract

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A review of PCM technology for thermal energy storage in the built environment: Part I

Cited by 69 publications

References 27 publications

Improving clean energy greenhouse heating with solar thermal energy storage and phase change materials

Improving clean energy greenhouse heating with solar thermal energy storage and phase change materials

Phase Change Materials for Energy Efficiency in Buildings and Their Use in Mortars

Flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foams containing thermoregulating microcapsules with phosphazene-based monomers

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