A Review of Pellets from Different Sources

The objective of this study was to optimize the parameters for the development of refused derived fuel (RDF) pellets from municipal solid waste (MSW) and rice husk by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In this a systematic study was conducted, where three parameters were varied according to RSM factorial design. The binder concentration (5-10%) pressure (700-1200 psi) and retention time (3-7 minutes) were used for RDF pellet development under hydraulic press, measured hardness bulk density (BD) and durability (DU). The T 3 treatment results revealed the highest pellet hardness, bulk density, and durability 25 kg, 805 kg/m 3 , 99% respectively by application binder concentration (5%), pressure (1200 psi) and retention time (5 minutes). The experimental data on response variables were fitted into quadratic polynomial model using the multiple regression analysis and found that it was statistically significant quadratic model. The RDF physical chemical and mechanical characteristics were also evaluated and found their relationship between HHV, carbon, ash, DU, BD and energy density. The ash contents were inversely proportional to DU and HHV whereas DU was directly related to BD.

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“…The trials T 3 and T 5 have high DU than T 13 and T 1 due to difference in their BD. These results had been supported by Miranda et al (2015).…”

Section: Fig 4 Effect Of Relationship On Rdf Properties (A) E and Bsupporting

confidence: 59%

Refused derived fuel pellets from municipal solid waste and rice husk

Iqbal

Nadeem

Butt

2019

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.

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“…Although ENplus is the benchmark for wood pellets, in recent years standards have been emerging for straw and grass fuel pellets (Carroll & Finnan, 2012;Miranda et al, 2015). As markets develop, greater value will be placed on quality, and meeting these standards will require management of quality throughout the supply chain from grower through to end user.…”

Section: Agronomic Practices In Miscanthus Quality Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Miscanthus combustion quality improvement: the role of flowering and senescence

et al. 2016

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In commercially grown Miscanthus × giganteus, despite imposing a yield penalty, postwinter harvests improve quality criteria for thermal conversion and crop sustainability through remobilization of nutrients to the underground rhizome. We examined 16 Miscanthus genotypes with different flowering and senescence times for variation in N, P, K, moisture, ash, Cl and Si contents, hypothesizing that early flowering and senescence could result in improved biomass quality and/or enable an earlier harvest of biomass (in autumn at peak yield). Ideal crop characteristics at harvest are low N and P to reduce future fertilizer inputs, low K and Cl to reduce corrosion in boilers, low moisture to reduce spoilage and transportation costs, and low Si and ash to reduce slagging and consequent operational downtime. Stems and leaves were harvested during summer, autumn and then the following spring after overwinter ripening. In spring, stem contents of N were 30–60 mg kg−1, P were 203–1132 mg kg−1, K were 290–4098 mg kg−1, Cl were 10–23 mg kg−1 and moisture were 12–38%. Notably, late senescence resulted in increased N, P, K, Cl, moisture and ash contents, and should therefore be avoided for thermochemical conversion. Flowering and senescence led to overall improved combustion quality, where flowered genotypes tended towards lower P, K, Cl and moisture contents; marginally less, or similar, N, Si and ash contents; and a similar higher heating value, compared to those that had not flowered. Such genotypes could potentially be harvested in the autumn. However, one genotype that did not flower in our trial exhibited sufficiently low N and K content in autumn to meet the EN plus wood pellet standards for those traits, and some of the lowest P, moisture and ash contents in our trial, and is thus a target for future research and breeding.

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“…al. [16] studied the influence of the moisture content and bulk density on the durability of pellets obtained from 10 types of biomass: pyrenean oak (PO), pyrenean sylvestris (PS), cork powder (CP), pine sawdust (SW), vine shoots (VS), olive branches (OB), barley straw (BS), wheat straw (WS), olive pomace (OP) and grape pomace (GP). The highest durability was obtained for the moisture contents between 6.5-10.8 %.…”

Section: Moisture Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…al. [16] reported that most pellets, with densities of 582-700 kg·m -3 had high durability. The highest densities were obtained for agroindustrial wastes (OP and GP) showing the lowest durability.…”

Section: Fig 2 Relationships Between Moisture and Durability [16]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability of pellets obtained from energy plants: review

Zabava

Voicu

Dincă

et al. 2018

Engineering for Rural Development

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Abstract. The interest in bioenergy, as a renewable energy source, has increased tremendously in the recent years. Biomass is a renewable source of energy that has an important contribution in reducing the use of conventional fuels and in reducing greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. In this context, an increasing attention is given to the production and use of environmentally friendly biofuels: pellets and briquettes, biogas, biodiesel and bioethanol. Pelleting and briquetting processes have been used for many years to produce densified biomass for fuel applications. Densified biomass fuels such as pellets are preferred as they provide better economic viability for transport, storage and handling. The aim of this review is to examine the main factors that influence the durability of the pellets, (such as: biomass characteristics, moisture content, size reduction, and also the pelleting conditions, including the use of binders, feedstock mixes and operating temperature), because the durability is considered a measure of the quality of the pellets. Pellet durability can also be affected by the storage conditions. The mechanical durability of pellets is the measure of the resistance of densified fuels towards shocks or abrasion in consequence of transport and handling processes. In the paper there are analyzed all the parameters mentioned above for the pellets produced from different types of biomass (cereal residues, wood chips and energy crops), highlighting the influence of each on the process and their sustainability.Keywords: biomass, durability, pellets, energy plants. IntroductionInterest in renewable energy resources has increased in recent years because of the rising energy demand and fuel costs, environmental and national security concerns and finite supplies of fossil fuels. As power generators continue their search for alternative energy sources to coal, biomass remains a promising carbon-based renewable fuel [1]. Biomass is a renewable source of energy that has an important contribution in reducing the use of conventional fuels and in reducing greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. In this context, an increasing attention is given to the production and use of environmentally friendly biofuels: pellets and briquettes, biogas, biodiesel and bioethanol. Biomass is the totality of organic substances occurring in a natural habitat, a distinction being made between phytological and zoological mass [2]. Biomass pellets (wood, wheat straw, rape straw, and peat) as fuels are of great interest for district heating because they can contribute to greenhouse gas emission reductions and provide a more efficient use of local energy resources [3]. Pellets are a suitable biomass feedstock for both heat and power applications, with co-firing in coal-fired power stations currently being their main large-scale application. The industrial trade for wood pellets involves the international bulk transport of more than 10 million tons annually.Production of pellets and the demand have been rapidly increased in Can...

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A Review of Pellets from Different Sources

Cited by 131 publications

References 24 publications

Refused derived fuel pellets from municipal solid waste and rice husk

Refused derived fuel pellets from municipal solid waste and rice husk

Towards Miscanthus combustion quality improvement: the role of flowering and senescence

Durability of pellets obtained from energy plants: review

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