A review of photochromism in textiles and its measurement

Periyasamy, Aravin Prince; Viková, Martina; Vik, Michal

doi:10.1080/00405167.2017.1305833

Cited by 54 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 168 publications

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“…1 m/s) with ν SG = 5–5.5 m/s and ν RR = 6–6.6 m/s. An explanation for the difference in jettability at lower temperatures can be due to the more bulky and rigid structure and higher molecular weight of spirooxazines 22 , 23 , which impedes jetting of the ink from the orifice. At temperatures from 35 °C the lower viscosity of the varnish enables more flexibility for the dye to move and hence smoother jetting flow.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of physical parameters and temperature on the piezo-electric jetting behaviour of UV-curable photochromic inks

Seipel

Nierstrasz

2020

Sci Rep

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Although resource-efficient processes like inkjet printing have a large potential to foster the development of smart and functional textiles, one bottleneck still is the development of functional inks. To make inkjet printing and UV curing given production techniques for smart and functional specialty products, e.g. photochromic textiles, deepened knowledge about the development, rheological behavior and jetting behavior of functional ink is needed. This paper focuses on the formulation and performance of UV-responsive and UV-curable inkjet inks, which are based on photochromic dyes and their application to produce UV-responsive textiles. Two commercial photochromic dyes—Reversacol Ruby Red (RR) and Sea Green (SG), which represent dyes of the naphthopyran and spirooxazine class, respectively, have been used to develop the inks. The photochromic inks are characterized according to their physical–chemical and rheological properties in respect to temperature. The influence of temperature on the drop formation of the inks in an industrial print head is analyzed using a high-speed camera, which reveals important information regarding challenges in ink jettability. It was found that the dye structure and type used in the ink can influence the jetting behavior of photochromic UV-curable ink. More pronounced temperature sensitivity of dyes can increase the temperature-related effects of drop formation as was observed for SG ink. The printability of the RR and SG inks is framed and underpinned by theoretical calculations of the Z number. Discrepancies are observed and discussed between existing theory of ink jettability and visual evaluation of the photochromic ink.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of physical parameters and temperature on the piezo-electric jetting behaviour of UV-curable photochromic inks

Seipel

Nierstrasz

2020

Sci Rep

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“…As previously mentioned, spirooxazines are generically faster switching dyes than naphthopyrans, but they also are more rigid in structure with a higher molecular weight and non-planarity in the colorless state than naphthopyrans [4,22,29]. If a dye that is generally fast-switching, but rigid in structure is entrapped in a matrix with high rigidity, its degree of freedom is limited and slow kinetic rates can be expected.…”

Section: Color Performance As a Results Of Abrasionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, prints after 10 washing cycles show stable and insignificantly different color yields ΔK/S and coloration, as well as decoloration rates over five and four activation cycles, respectively, compared to prints, which have been washed once (Figure 7). Periyasamy et al [29] concluded that photo-degradation usually is higher during the initial cycles of UV-exposure due to a superficial layer of photochromic material, which degrades faster than material, which has penetrated further into fibers and fabrics. Our observation that more stable color performance is achieved after intensive washing, confirms the behavior.…”

Section: Maintenance and Repeatability Of The Color Performance Of Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color Performance, Durability and Handle of Inkjet-Printed and UV-Cured Photochromic Textiles for Multi-Colored Applications

Seipel

Viková

et al. 2019

Fibers Polym

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The development and design of novel functional and smart textile materials such as textile sensors and multicolored systems based on photochromic dyes necessitate controls of color intensities, switching speeds, and material durability. Precise control and synchronization of dye kinetics are important for multi-colored photochromic applications especially. However, durability towards abrasion and washing should not be compromised on if we aim to design reliable future textile products. In this study, two different commercial photochromic dyes -a naphthopyran and a spirooxazine-based dye -have been applied on PET fabric by inkjet printing and UV-LED curing. The photochromic textiles' color behavior, fastness to abrasion and washing, and handle are evaluated using spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, and Kawabata evaluation system. Despite a decrease in color performance after washing, the photochromic inkjet print is effective and barely influences the textile structure. Reduced rigidity of the host matrix promoted higher color yields and faster dye kinetics, but also improved durability towards abrasion and washing. In order to synchronize kinetics of the different dye types for multi-colored applications, distinct curing conditions are preferable, which, however, result in varying print durability. In the design of multi-colored photochromic textiles, dye kinetics, and durability have to be balanced.

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“…Since it is non-polar in nature, with an aliphatic structure, high stereo-regularity and high textile materials to develop functional effects on a textile-based UV-sensor, camouflage, smart textiles and fashionable garments. Therefore we applied photochromic colorants to textiles through various techniques such as classical screen printing [20,21], mass coloration [11,12,18,22,23], digital printing [24][25][26], and melt-blown technology [27]. The main goal of this work was to find the relationship between the physical and mechanical properties and kinetic properties of mass colored PP filaments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochromic Polypropylene Filaments: Impacts of Mechanical Properties on Kinetic Behaviour

Periyasamy

Viková

Vik

2019

Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe

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Spiro [2H-indole-2,3'-[3H]naphth[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine],1,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethyl-6'-(1-piperidinyl) was incorporated onto polypropylene and photochromic polypropylene multifilaments produced through the mass coloration technique. Subsequently the polypropylene (PP) filaments were doped with a different concentration of photochromic pigment, and after producing the filaments different drawing ratios were applied. The photochromic colour build was found to be maximum with the highest concentration of dyes as well as with the lowest drawing ratio. Also the colour differences for L*, a*, b* and ΔE* were analysed with respect to the different concentrations and drawing ratios of the filament. The filaments generally showed good stability of photocoloration during the colour measurement till five cycles. The results for the optical density were reduced by increasing the fineness of the filament. In this experimental work, the impact of the drawing ratio on the optical and mechanical properties of these multifilaments were investigated.

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A review of photochromism in textiles and its measurement

Cited by 54 publications

References 168 publications

Effect of physical parameters and temperature on the piezo-electric jetting behaviour of UV-curable photochromic inks

Effect of physical parameters and temperature on the piezo-electric jetting behaviour of UV-curable photochromic inks

Color Performance, Durability and Handle of Inkjet-Printed and UV-Cured Photochromic Textiles for Multi-Colored Applications

Photochromic Polypropylene Filaments: Impacts of Mechanical Properties on Kinetic Behaviour

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