A review of physics and correlations of pool fire behaviour in wind and future challenges

Hu, Longhua

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.05.008

Cited by 207 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…where D is the characteristic diameter or length of the burner,ṁ ′′ the mass burning rate of the fire, and a, b, and c are constants, previously found to be 62, 0.25, −0.044, respectively for gas fires (Thomas, 1963). A non-dimensional velocity can be defined as a ratio of the ambient wind velocity and a characteristic buoyant velocity of the fire (Hu, 2017),…”

Section: Global Flame Forward Pulsation Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study of Intermittent Heating Frequencies From Wind-Driven Flames

et al. 2019

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An experimental study was conducted to understand the intermittent heating behavior downstream of a gaseous line burner under forced flow conditions. While previous studies have addressed time-averaged properties, here measurements of the flame location and intermittent heat flux profile help to give a time-dependent picture of downstream heating from the flame, useful for understanding wind-driven flame spread. Two frequencies are extracted from experiments, the maximum flame forward pulsation frequency in the direction of the wind, which helps describe the motion of the flame, and the local flame-fuel contact frequency in the flame region, which is useful in calculating the actual heat flux that can be received by the unburnt fuel via direct flame contact. The forward pulsation frequency is obtained through video analysis using a variable interval time average (VITA) method. Scaling analysis indicates that the flame forward pulsation frequency varies as a power-law function of the Froude number and fire heat-release rate, f F˜ Fr/Q

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Section: Global Flame Forward Pulsation Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study of Intermittent Heating Frequencies From Wind-Driven Flames

et al. 2019

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“…Pool fire can be defined as a diffusion flame established on the top of a horizontal fuel surface. 26 During the stable flame spread stage of PMMA and PE cylinders, a diffusion flame stabilized above the burning horizontal fuel surface; thus, the stable burning zone of the materials can be assumed as a rectangular pool fire. The flame width can be assumed as the length of the rectangular pool fire and the diameter of the fuel sample as the width of the rectangular pool fire.…”

Section: Flame Heightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on flame spread along fuel cylinders in high pressures

et al. 2019

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Summary Flame spread over solid fuels in high‐pressure situations, such as nuclear containment shells during a pressurized period, has potential to result in catastrophic disaster, thus requiring further knowledge. This paper experimentally reveals the flame spread behaviors over fuel cylinders in high pressures. Polyethylene and polymethyl‐methacrylate cylinders with the diameter of 4.0 mm are used in this study. Ambient gas is air, and total pressures are varied from naturally normal pressure (100 kPa) to elevated pressure (500 kPa). Flame characteristics including flame appearance and flame size and burning rate and flame spread rate are investigated. Results show that in high pressure, the flame appearance is significantly affected. As the pressure increases, the blue flame disappeared, and the color of flame tip changes from luminous yellow to orange as well the orange part extends down towards the base of flame. The dimensionless flame height increases with pressure for pressure below 150 kPa and then decreases with pressure above that level. The burning rates show increasing trend with pressure and are proportional to P0.6 and P0.79 for polymethyl‐methacrylate and polyethylene, respectively. Besides, flame spread rates for polymethyl‐methacrylate and polyethylene both were found to be proportional to P0.5.

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“…At the bottom of the burner, ethanol is injected and ignited. The ethanol burning in still air is controlled by buoyancy (see Figure 3) [22]. It was assumed that the heat of combustion of ethanol is 26,780 (kJ/kg) [23].…”

Section: Fds Modelling Of the Ethanol Burnermentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD Simulation of Ethanol Steam Reforming System for Hydrogen Production

Davidy¹

2018

ChemEngineering

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Hydrogen could be a promising source fuel, and is often considered as a clean energy carrier as it can be produced by ethanol. The use of ethanol presents several advantages, because it is a renewable feedstock, easy to transport, biodegradable, has low toxicity, contains high hydrogen content, and easy to store and handle. Reforming ethanol steam occurs at relatively lower temperatures, compared with other hydrocarbon fuels, and has been widely studied due to the high yield provided for the formation of hydrogen. A new computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation model of the ethanol steam reforming (ESR) has been developed in this work. The reforming system model is composed from an ethanol burner and a catalytic bed reactor. The liquid ethanol is burned inside the firebox, then the radiative heat flux from burner is transferred to the catalytic bed reactor for transforming the ethanol steam mixture to hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The proposed computational model is composed of two phases-Simulation of ethanol burner by using Fire Dynamics Simulator software (FDS) (version 5.0) and a multi-physics simulation of the steam reforming process occurring inside the reformer. COMSOL multi-physics software (version 4.3b) has been applied in this work. It solves simultaneously the fluid flow, heat transfer, diffusion with chemical reaction kinetics equations, and structural analysis. It is shown that the heat release rate produced by the ethanol burner, can provide the necessary heat flux required for maintaining the reforming process. It has been found out that the mass fractions of the hydrogen and carbon dioxide mass fraction are increased along the reformer axis. The hydrogen mass fraction increases with enhancing the radiation heat flux. It was shown that Von Mises stresses increases with heat fluxes. Safety issues concerning the structural integrity of the steel jacket are also addressed. This work clearly shows that by using ethanol which has low temperature conversion, the decrease in structural strength of the steel tube is low. The numerical results clearly indicate that under normal conditions of the ethanol reforming (The temperature of the steel is about 600 • C or 1112 • F), the rupture time of the HK-40 steel alloy increases considerably. For this case the rupture time is greater than 100,000 h (more than 11.4 years).

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A review of physics and correlations of pool fire behaviour in wind and future challenges

Cited by 207 publications

References 101 publications

An Experimental Study of Intermittent Heating Frequencies From Wind-Driven Flames

An Experimental Study of Intermittent Heating Frequencies From Wind-Driven Flames

Experimental study on flame spread along fuel cylinders in high pressures

CFD Simulation of Ethanol Steam Reforming System for Hydrogen Production

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