A Review of Plant Selenium-Enriched Proteins/Peptides: Extraction, Detection, Bioavailability, and Effects of Processing

Abstract

As an essential trace element in the human body, selenium (Se) has various physiological activities, such as antioxidant and anticancer activity. Selenium-enriched proteins/peptides (SePs/SePPs) are the primary forms of Se in plants and animals, and they are the vital carriers of its physiological activities. On the basis of current research, this review systematically describes the extraction methods (aqueous, alkaline, enzymatic, auxiliary, etc.) and detection methods (HPLC–MS/MS, GC–ICP-MS, etc.) for SePs/SePPs in plants. Their bioavailability and bioactivity, and the effect of processing are also included. Our review provides a comprehensive understanding and theoretical guidance for the utilization of selenium-enriched proteins/peptides.

Selenium Species in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

“…However, the SeNPs metabolism in human biological systems, the correlation with main selenoproteins, and their role in pharmacological protection should be studied more closely to understand their biological activities. Elemental selenium can form conjugate with proteins containing free thiol groups, which shows that elemental Se is not biologically inert and it may provide the basis of a new class of anticancer agents [ 104 , 105 ]. It would be interesting to find if selenium nanoparticles have a similar U -shape dose-depend association with a risk of DM.…”

Atomic spectrometry update – a review of advances in environmental analysis

“…Mihucz 101 (222 references) focused on As speciation and analysis in soil, water, foods and Ayurvedic medicines. Methods for extraction, separation and detection of Se-enriched proteins and peptides in plants were included in a review by Xiong et al 102 (136 references) that also covered bioavailability and bioactivity.…”

“…Automatic flow-analysis systems and potential application to multi-nuclide analysis were also addressed. Water, alkali, salt, alcohol and buffer extraction methods were reviewed 102 (136 references) for Se-enriched proteins and peptides in plants. Extraction times, efficiency and preservation of biological activity were discussed, as were separation and detection methods including HPLC-MS/MS and GC-ICP-MS. Antioxidant and neuroprotective properties of Se in specific plants were also covered.…”

Egg Yolk Selenopeptides: Preparation, Characterization, and Immunomodulatory Activity

“…Selenium (Se) plays an essential trace element in human growth and metabolism. , Selenoproteins exhibit antioxidant activity within the human body, which plays an important role in maintaining redox homeostasis . Selenium drives T cell proliferation by increasing the expression of interleukin 2 receptor, which helps to protect cell membranes from oxidative damage through antioxidant enzymes, thereby improving human immunity. , In recent years, numerous researchers have studied the inhibitory effects of Se on various pathological conditions. , The body utilizes Se to generate selenoproteins (glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) and other in vivo antiperoxidative enzymes, which protect cell membranes from oxidative damage, thereby enhancing the body’s immunity . During an inflammatory state, the concentration of Se in tissues and body fluids decreases significantly, interfering with the biosynthesis of selenoproteins and suppressing the immune response .…”

“…8 Selenium drives T cell proliferation by increasing the expression of interleukin 2 receptor, which helps to protect cell membranes from oxidative damage through antioxidant enzymes, thereby improving human immunity. 9,10 In recent years, numerous researchers have studied the inhibitory effects of Se on various pathological conditions. 11,12 The body utilizes Se to generate selenoproteins (glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) and other in vivo antiperoxidative enzymes, which protect cell membranes from oxidative damage, thereby enhancing the body's immunity.…”