A review of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and novel brominated flame retardants in Chinese aquatic environment: Source, occurrence, distribution, and ecological risk assessment

Wang, Neng; Lai, Cui; Xu, Fengxiang; Huang, Danlian; Zhang, Mingming; Zhou, Xiong; Xu, Mengyi; Li, Yixia; Ling, Li; Liu, Shiyu; Huang, Xinyu; Nie, Jinxin; Li, Hanxi

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166180

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…After freeze drying, pulverization, and homogenization, approximately 0.5 g (dw) sediment was Soxhlet-extracted with 200 mL mixed solvent (acetone [Ace]/n-hexane [Hex] = 1:1, v/v). Before the extraction, the surrogate standards (BDE77, BDE181, BDE205, and 13 C 12 -labeled-BDE209) were spiked into the extraction agent to monitor the recoveries of targets and the activated copper sheets were added for sulfur elimination. The extracts were evaporated to approximately 1 mL by a rotary evaporator, the solvent was exchanged with Hex, and the extracts were purified on a multilayer silica gel column (i.d.…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Instrumental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Little is known about the temporal trends of NBFR and DP pollution in e-waste recycling sites. Considering that these pollutants are hydrophobic with octane–water partition coefficients greater than four, they tend to accumulate in sediments and have almost no migration after deposition [ 1 , 13 ]. Furthermore, the bioavailability of these pollutants in sediments is very low, resulting in their resistance to microbial degradation [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Historical Occurrence and Composition of Novel Brominated Flame Retardants and Dechlorane Plus in Sediments from an Electronic Waste Recycling Site in South China

Huang,

Zeng,

Liu

et al. 2024

Toxics

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Novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) and dechlorane plus (DP) have been widely used as alternatives to traditional BFRs. However, little is known about the temporal trends of NBFR and DP pollution in e-waste recycling sites. In the current study, three composite sediment cores were collected from an e-waste-polluted pond located in a typical e-waste recycling site in South China to investigate the historical occurrence and composition of NBFRs and DP. The NBFRs and DP were detected in all layers of the sediment cores with concentration ranges of 5.71~180,895 and 4.95~109,847 ng/g dw, respectively. Except for 2,3,5,6-tetrabromo-p-xylene (pTBX) and 2,3,4,5,6-pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), all the NBFR compounds and DP showed a clear increasing trend from the bottom to top layers. These results implied the long-term and severe contamination of NBFRs and DP. Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) was the most abundant NBFR with the contribution proportions of 58 ± 15%, 73 ± 15%, and 71 ± 18% in three sediment cores, followed by 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE) and pentabromobenzene (HBB). The ratios of BTBPE/Octa-BDEs and DBDPE/Deca-BDEs varied from 0.12 to 60 and from 0.03 to 0.49, respectively, which had no clear increase trends with a decrease in sediment depth. As for DP, the fanti values (the concentration ratios of anti-DP to the sum of anti-DP and syn-DP) in sediment cores ranged from 0.41 to 0.83, almost falling in the range of those in DP technical products, suggesting that DP degradation did not occur in sediment cores. The environmental burdens of DBDPE, BTBPE, HBB, PBT, PBEB, pTBX, and DP were estimated to be 34.0, 5.67, 10.1, 0.02, 0.02, 0.01, and 34.8 kg, respectively. This work provides the first insight into the historical contamination status of NBFRs and DP in the sediments of an e-waste recycling site.

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Section: Sample Preparation and Instrumental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Occurrence and Composition of Novel Brominated Flame Retardants and Dechlorane Plus in Sediments from an Electronic Waste Recycling Site in South China

Huang,

Zeng,

Liu

et al. 2024

Toxics

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“…Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a series of halogenated flame retardants that have been widely used in wire insulation, furniture, textiles, and electronic devices [ 1 , 2 ]. The commercial usage of penta-BDE, octa-BDE, and deca-BDE has been subject to regulation under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants since 2009 [ 3 , 4 , 5 ], aiming to curtail and limit the utilization of commercial PBDE products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Hormone Receptor Agonistic and Antagonistic Activity of Newly Synthesized Dihydroxylated Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers: An In Vitro and In Silico Coactivator Recruitment Study

Zhang,

Shi,

et al. 2024

Toxics

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Dihydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (DiOH-PBDEs) could be the metabolites of PBDEs of some organisms or the natural products of certain marine bacteria and algae. OH-PBDEs may demonstrate binding affinity to thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) and can disrupt the functioning of the systems modulated by TRs. However, the thyroid hormone disruption mechanism of diOH-PBDEs remains elusive due to the absence of diOH-PBDEs standards. This investigation explores the potential disruptive effects of OH/diOH-PBDEs on thyroid hormones via competitive binding and coactivator recruitment with TRα and TRβ. At levels of 5000 nM and 25,000 nM, 6-OH-BDE-47 demonstrated significant recruitment of steroid receptor coactivator (SRC), whereas none of the diOH-PBDEs exhibited SRC recruitment within the range of 0.32–25,000 nM. AutoDock CrankPep (ADCP) simulations suggest that the conformation of SRC and TR–ligand complexes, particularly their interaction with Helix 12, rather than binding affinity, plays a pivotal role in ligand agonistic activity. 6,6′-diOH-BDE-47 displayed antagonistic activity towards both TRα and TRβ, while the antagonism of 3,5-diOH-BDE-100 for TRα and TRβ was concentration-dependent. 3,5-diOH-BDE-17 and 3,5-diOH-BDE-51 exhibited no discernible agonistic or antagonistic activities. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the binding energy of 3,3′,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) surpassed that of OH/diOH-PBDEs. 3,5-diOH-BDE-100 exhibited the highest binding energy, whereas 6,6′-diOH-BDE-47 displayed the lowest. These findings suggest that the structural determinants influencing the agonistic and antagonistic activities of halogen phenols may be more intricate than previously proposed, involving factors beyond high-brominated PBDEs or hydroxyl group and bromine substitutions. It is likely that the agonistic or antagonistic propensities of OH/diOH-PBDEs are instigated by protein conformational changes rather than considerations of binding energy.

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“…4 In particular, surface soils at or surrounding brominated flame retardant manufacturing facilities and electronic waste recycling sites are hotspots of PBDEs, often with contaminant levels in the range of hundreds of ng g −1 dw. 5–7…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-transport of polybromodiphenyl ethers and soil nanoparticles in saturated porous media: implications for the risks of polybromodiphenyl ether spreading in groundwater

Liu,

Cao,

Duan

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci.: Nano

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A review of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and novel brominated flame retardants in Chinese aquatic environment: Source, occurrence, distribution, and ecological risk assessment

Cited by 9 publications

References 135 publications

Historical Occurrence and Composition of Novel Brominated Flame Retardants and Dechlorane Plus in Sediments from an Electronic Waste Recycling Site in South China

Historical Occurrence and Composition of Novel Brominated Flame Retardants and Dechlorane Plus in Sediments from an Electronic Waste Recycling Site in South China

Thyroid Hormone Receptor Agonistic and Antagonistic Activity of Newly Synthesized Dihydroxylated Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers: An In Vitro and In Silico Coactivator Recruitment Study

Co-transport of polybromodiphenyl ethers and soil nanoparticles in saturated porous media: implications for the risks of polybromodiphenyl ether spreading in groundwater

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