A review of polyurethane as a ground improvement method

Lat, Diana Che; Ali, Nazri; Jais, Ismacahyadi Bagus Mohamed; Yunus, Nor Zurairahetty Mohd; Razali, Razif; Talip, Adrina Rosseira Abu

doi:10.11113/mjfas.v16n1.1235

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Lat et al [9] examined the applicability and effectiveness of PU as a substitute technique for ground improvement projects. As closed-cell foam, PU is impervious to water, which prevents water from penetrating the soil below it and softens it and lowering its shear strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modelling for stability of homogeneous clay and sand slopes improved by polyurethane foam piles in slope face

Hassona,

Hakeem

2024

J. Umm Al-Qura Univ. Eng.Archit.

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Polyurethane foam (P.U.) injection resin techniques have been widely used for slab crack repair, soil improvement, and structural crack repair over the past 20 years. In this study, numerical investigations were carried out to enhance the strength of both sand and clay soils via utilizing polyurethane foam as inclusion material. The investigation was conducted using ‘GeoStudio (SLOPE/W) 2D’ software to model 6 m high homogeneous slopes made of soft clay and medium sand with varying slope angles (25°, 30°, 35°) on same soil extended up to 9 m depth and with inclusion of polyurethane foam piles of varying diameter (0.5 m, 0.8 m), length (up to 10 m) and spacing (0.5 m, 1 m, 2 m) in the slope face. The numerical model was verified using experimental test results conducted by Hassona and Abdelnaeem (Physical and mechanical properties of polyurethane foam conditioned sand. MSc, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Minia University). The results revealed that, for slope angle, Ø = 30°, the factor of safety for clay soil increased when using polyurethane piles (diameter, 0.5 m and 10 m length) having spacing of two m, one m, half m, and when used as sheet piles, respectively. The factor of safety for clay soil increased significantly when using polyurethane piles (diameter, 0.8 m, and 10 m length) having spacing the same as before and as sheet piles having width of 0.5 and 0.8 m, respectively. Also, for medium dense sand soil, using polyurethane piles (diameter, 0.5 m and 10 m length) having spacing the same as before, and as sheet piles increased factor of safety much more than that for clay soil. In addition, for medium dense sand soil similar observation were noticed using polyurethane piles (diameter 0.8 m, and 10 m length) having spacing the same as before, and as sheet piles, respectively. In addition, the effects of slope angles also studied.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modelling for stability of homogeneous clay and sand slopes improved by polyurethane foam piles in slope face

Hassona,

Hakeem

2024

J. Umm Al-Qura Univ. Eng.Archit.

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“…Polyurethane resin is comprised of two liquid-based elements that are used in real situations. The application of polyurethane (PU) as a ground improvement work currently increases in demand due to its well performance in many soil improvement projects (Lat et al, 2020) Isocyanate and polyol compounds have been the most common chemicals applied. Polyol is a volumetric expanding agent that assists in the volumetric expanding of polyurethane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength of Laterite Mixed with GeoPolySoilS for Slope Cover and Protection

Mohamed Jais,

Ahmad Rahaizad,

Che Lat

et al. 2023

IJSCET

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Slope stabilization or slope protection is the actions constructed on the slope or nearby areas to keep the slope safe from moving water, erosion, or the negative impacts of sudden outflow. There are a few slope stabilization methods such as geometric method, hydrological method and chemical and mechanical methodthatcan be used to enhance the engineering properties of laterite soil. Among these methods, the chemical method was proven to be a method that is efficient to enhance the geotechnical properties of laterite soil. In this study, GeoPolySoilS was used to mixed with laterite soil to increase the strength of the soil. This study is carried out toinvestigate the strength of the laterite mixed with GeoPolySoilS for slope cover and protection. For the physical and mechanical properties test, laboratory experiments were conducted on natural laterite soil to determine the natural moisture content, particle size distribution, liquid limit, plastic limit, maximum dry density, optimum moisture content and unconfined compressivestrength of the soil. The amount of GeoPolySoilS applied to the laterite soil sample are 0%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 18% and 20%.The results of laboratory tests show that by adding an appropriate amount of GeoPolySoilS to the soil, the stability of the slope surface increases, thus able to avoid landslides.

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“…Its use is possible for all soil types since the polyurethane composite does not contain particles, which could be limited by the size of the porosity of the treated soil. The ease of injection, the high mobility, the lightweight of the resin, and the independence of the physic-mechanical properties of the resin from the water level allow this technology to be used in various geotechnical conditions [64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73] While adequate research and case studies of the application of this technology have been conducted worldwide, each research has emphasized only some of the technology's practical applications, such as the resin properties, the effect of the resin on certain soil types, and the composite (soil-resin) modified properties after the injection process [74][75][76]. Generally, the previous studies support a common conclusion: the examined polymer represents a good grouting material with excellent comprehensive performance and is used extensively in geotechnical engineering [74][75][76].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, thus far, few reports could be found on employing this technology for both tasks strengthening and settlement compensation. Therefore, there is no comprehensive understanding of the technology yet that gathers all necessary data leading to a better recognition for this technology in the theoretical understanding and the practical applications [74][75][76].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Injection Technology Using an Expandable Polyurethane Resin: A Review

Sabri

Vatin

Alsaffar³

2021

Polymers

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The soil injection, using an expandable polyurethane resin, holds a unique potential for settlement compensation, lifting, and strengthening the foundations of existing buildings and structures. Although various research and case studies regarding this technology have been published, these studies emphasized the technology’s effectiveness in the rapid lifting process. Nevertheless, there is no complete understanding of the technology, yet, that gathers necessary data leading to a better recognition for this technology in the theoretical understanding and the practical applications. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of this technology. The injection process, the resin’s mechanism, and actual propagation in the soil’s massive, the modified physic-mechanical properties of the soil, the expansion process, the consumption of the resin, and the durability are extensively reviewed in this article. Besides that, this article aims to demonstrate the advantages and limitations of this technology in practical applications. The review also explores the existing finite element models used to calculate the strength and stiffness parameters, evaluating the bearing capacity of the composite (soil-resin) and the settlement after the injection process.

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A review of polyurethane as a ground improvement method

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Numerical modelling for stability of homogeneous clay and sand slopes improved by polyurethane foam piles in slope face

Numerical modelling for stability of homogeneous clay and sand slopes improved by polyurethane foam piles in slope face

Strength of Laterite Mixed with GeoPolySoilS for Slope Cover and Protection

Soil Injection Technology Using an Expandable Polyurethane Resin: A Review

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