A Review of Pragmatic Approaches to Pesticide Application, Microbiological Pest Control and Their Multiplier Effects

Abstract

This report explicitly reviews pesticides, their types, usefulness and the environmental concerns related to them. The majority of pesticide formulations are diluted in water and applied under pressure through hydraulic nozzles, while some specialized formulations are used with a petrochemical diluent, undiluted as ultra-low volume sprays, or dry as granule or dust treatments. Pollution as a result of overuse pesticides and the long-term impact of pesticides on the environment is equally germane. Farmers are routinely exposed to high levels of pesticides, usually much greater than those of consumers. Farmers' exposure mainly occurs during the preparations and application of the pesticide spray solutions and during the cleaning-up of spraying equipment. Farmers who mix, load, and spray pesticides can be exposed to these chemicals due to spills and splashes, direct spray contact as a result of faulty or missing protective equipment, or even drift. Pesticides are used to kill the pests and insects which attack crops and harm them. Different kinds of pesticides have been used for crop protection for centuries. Pesticides benefit the crops however, they also impose a serious negative impact on the environment. Consequently, excessive use of pesticides may lead to the destruction of biodiversity. Many birds, aquatic organisms and animals are under the threat of harmful pesticides for their survival. Therefore, pesticides are a concern for sustainability of environment and global stability; thus, biorational and microbiological tactics are implicated as the last resort.