A Review of Primary Care Training Programs in Correctional Health for Physicians

Min, In Sung; Schonberg, Dana; Anderson, Matthew

doi:10.1080/10401334.2012.641492

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Role modelling, as seen in our study, is likely to influence the retention of such personal and professional values [ 52 ]. Similarly, being aware of the stigma that people in custody or those released from prison often face when seeking medical care may allow students to address their own stereotypical views about providing health care to this underserved population [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prison medicine programs that include training of medical students have been reported internationally [ 24 – 28 ]. These aim to foster social responsibility [ 26 ], promote more favourable attitudes to providing health care in prisons [ 24 ], and to reduce stigma about those who are in custody or have recently left [ 27 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medical student experiences in prison health services and social cognitive career choice: a qualitative study

Brooker

Reath

et al. 2018

BMC Med Educ

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BackgroundOne of the purposes of undergraduate medical education is to assist students to consider their future career paths in medicine, alongside the needs of the societies in which they will serve. Amongst the most medically underserved groups of society are people in prison and those with a history of incarceration. In this study we examined the experiences of medical students undertaking General Practice placements in a prison health service. We used the theoretical framework of the Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) to explore the potential of these placements to influence the career choices of medical students.MethodsQuestionnaire and interview data were collected from final year students, comprising pre and post placement questionnaire free text responses and post placement semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis, with reference to concepts from the SCCT Interest Model to further develop the findings.ResultsClinical education delivered in a prison setting can provide learning that includes exposure to a wide variety of physical and mental health conditions and also has the potential to stimulate career interest in an under-served area. While students identified many challenges in the work of a prison doctor, increased confidence (SCCT- Self-Efficacy) occurred through performance success within challenging consultations and growth in a professional approach to prisoners and people with a history of incarceration. Positive expectations (SCCT- Outcome Expectations) of fulfilling personal values and social justice aims and of achieving public health outcomes, and a greater awareness of work as a prison doctor, including stereotype rejection, promoted student interest in working with people in contact with the criminal justice system.ConclusionPlacements in prison health services can stimulate student interest in working with prisoners and ex-prisoners by either consolidating pre-existing interest or expanding interest into a field they had not previously considered. An important aspect of such learning is the opportunity to overcome negative preconceptions of consultations with prisoners.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical student experiences in prison health services and social cognitive career choice: a qualitative study

Brooker

Reath

et al. 2018

BMC Med Educ

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“…For example, while curricula on such topics as health disparities, social determinants of health, and cultural competence are common, only 22 primary care training programs include correctional health care. 40 Training students in correctional settings demonstrates the impact of social determinants on health outcomes directly. In 2012, the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) in collaboration with three colleges of osteopathic medicine, adopted standards for accreditation for a fellowship in correctional medicine and a Certificate of Added Qualification (CAQ).…”

Section: Education and Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Call to Action: A Blueprint for Academic Health Sciences in the Era of Mass Incarceration

Ferguson¹,

Cloud²,

Spaulding³

et al. 2016

hpu

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Over 100 million Americans have criminal records, and the U.S. incarcerates seven times more citizens than most developed countries. The burden of incarceration disproportionately affects people of color and ethnic minorities, and those living in poverty. While 95% of incarcerated people return to society, recidivism rates are high with nearly 75% arrested again within five years of release. Criminal records impede access to employment and other social services such as shelter and health care. Justice-involved people have higher rates of substance, mental health, and some chronic medical disorders than the general population; furthermore, the incarcerated population is rapidly aging. Only a minority of academic health science centers are engaged in health services research, workforce training, or correctional health care. This commentary provides rationale and a blueprint for engagement of academic health science institutions to harness their capabilities to tackle one of the country's most vexing public health crises.

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“…To start with, we are not currently educating health professionals to care for the population of incarcerated and formerly incarcerated patients; only 22 primary care residencies have any formal training on the health impacts of incarceration [22]. We must develop curricula to educate all health professionals in various stages of training, develop competencies on caring for the previously incarcerated, confront race and racism and its impact on patient and community health, and train clinicians to work within correctional health care systems without becoming an arm of the penal system.…”

Section: Recognize and Rectify Historical Health System Injusticesmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Does Health Justice Look Like for People Returning from Incarceration?

Puglisi¹,

Calderon²,

Wang

2017

AMA Journal of Ethics

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Access to health care is a constitutional right in the United States correctional system, and many incarcerated adults are newly diagnosed with chronic diseases in prison. Despite this right, the quality of correctional health care is variable, largely unmeasured and unregulated, and characterized by patients' widespread distrust of a health system that is intimately tied to a punitive criminal justice system. Upon release, discontinuity of care is the norm, and when continuity is established, it is often hindered by distrust, discrimination, poor communication, and racism in the health system. In this paper, we will propose best practices in transitioning from correctional-to community-based health care and argue that achieving health equity for people with criminal justice involvement in the United States is not possible without ethical provision of health care. CaseMr. C was released two months ago after a four-year prison sentence, shortly after having coronary artery bypass surgery for early onset atherosclerotic heart disease. At 42 years old, he was surprised and scared when his chest pain was diagnosed as a heart attack, necessitating major surgery while he was incarcerated. He was also told that there might be some problems with his kidneys, although he is unclear as to the specifics and does not have a copy of his medical records or his medications. Upon release he was homeless and has been staying with his mother in subsidized housing. This is a source of stress for her; because her son has a felony record, she worries that she is violating housing authority policy and could be evicted.During his first visit to the community clinic, Mr. C shares with Joe, his community health worker, and subsequently with the health care practitioner that he is fearful of being reincarcerated. He feels weak and has not followed through with cardiac rehabilitation because he doesn't have transportation. His parole officer tells him that if he remains unemployed he will be in violation of his parole. Mr. C's stress has brought on cravings for heroin, which he has not used since being incarcerated. Mr. C's clinician and community health worker wonder if there is anything they can do to help him.

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A Review of Primary Care Training Programs in Correctional Health for Physicians

Abstract: A variety of correctional health programs currently exist. A national model curriculum could strengthen teaching in correctional health.

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Medical student experiences in prison health services and social cognitive career choice: a qualitative study

Medical student experiences in prison health services and social cognitive career choice: a qualitative study

A Call to Action: A Blueprint for Academic Health Sciences in the Era of Mass Incarceration

What Does Health Justice Look Like for People Returning from Incarceration?

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