A Review of Protective Effects of Exercise on Cognitive Impairments Induced by Sleep Deprivation in Female Rats

Abstract

Sleep is an important factor in memory consolidation and brain health. In addition, sleep disorder is a common complaint among females in comparison with males. In menopausal females, to relieve sleep disturbances and other menopausal symptoms, hormone therapy may be used. Furthermore, although estrogen had helpful effects on the brain performance, hormone replacement therapy augmented unfavorable cardiovascular and oncological side effects. It is implied that exercise is a powerful nonpharmacological intervention that can develop the cognitive performances. The current study used the behavioral, physiological, and molecular evidence supporting these views.

Adolescent enriched environment exposure alleviates cognitive impairments in sleep‐deprived male rats: Role of hippocampal brain‐derived neurotrophic factor

“…Previous studies have established the main important association between REM sleep and cognitive performances (Blechner, 2021; Diekelmann & Born, 2010; McCoy & Strecker, 2011). Paradoxical SD induces disorders in various types of cognitive functions such as learning and memory (Saadati, 2017; Taheri & Irandoust, 2020; Zagaar et al, 2013). The animals that experienced SD confirmed significant learning and memory diminishing in different tasks such as radial arm water maze (Zagaar et al, 2013), MWM (Saadati et al, 2015), and as well plus‐maze discriminative avoidance tasks (Alvarenga et al, 2008).…”

“…In addition, the neuroprotective and helpful impacts of exercise and EE on cognition are mediated via BDNF and its receptors, tyrosine kinase (TrKB) (Dandi et al, 2018;Novkovic et al, 2015). Other evidence indicated that the increase in BDNF level by exercise is an important mechanism to protect against SD-induced cognitive impairments (Saadati, 2017;Saadati, Sheibani, Esmaeili-Mahani, Darvishzadeh-Mahani, et al, 2014;Zagaar et al, 2013). Our findings are supported by those of other works demonstrating that enriched condition has a dominant influence on neurotrophic gene expression and protein levels in several parts of the brain, mostly in the hippocampus (M. J.…”