A review of rapid prototyping (RP) techniques in the medical and biomedical sector

Pa, Webb

doi:10.1080/03091900050163427

Cited by 235 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…3D printing anatomical structures from medical image data began in the early 1990's, and has been used primarily for three purposes: surgical planning, resident and patient education, and implantable prostheses 10. Cranio‐facial surgeons use stereolithographic models derived from CT scans for surgical planning 11.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Models can also be used to better explain complex surgical procedures to patients and their families. While early attempts at prosthesis printing were problematic, mainly due to the materials involved,10 this area nevertheless holds great promise for the future, as printing methods improve and material selections expand. 3D printing has also been used to create CT‐derived molds for tissue materials that cannot be printed, because of their nano‐scale structure,13 and to create hollow vascular structures which can be incorporated into flow phantoms 12, 14…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three‐dimensional printing CT‐derived objects with controllable radiopacity

Hamedani

Melvin

Vaheesan

et al. 2018

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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PurposeThe goal of this work was to develop phantoms for the optimization of pre‐operative computed tomography (CT) scans of the prostate artery, which are used for embolization planning.MethodsAcrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) pellets were doped with barium sulfate and extruded into filaments suitable for 3D printing on a fused deposition modeling (FDM) printer. Cylinder phantoms were created to evaluate radiopacity as a function of doping percentage. Small‐diameter tree phantoms were created to assess their composition and dimensional accuracy. A half‐pelvis phantom was created using clinical CT images, to assess the printer's control over cortical bone thickness and cancellous bone attenuation. CT‐derived prostate artery phantoms were created to simulate complex, contrast‐filled arteries.ResultsA linear relationship (R = 0.998) was observed between barium sulfate added (0%–10% by weight), and radiopacity (−31 to 1454 Hounsfield Units [HU]). Micro‐CT scans showed even distribution of the particles, with air pockets comprising 0.36% by volume. The small vessels were found to be oversized by a consistent amount of 0.08 mm. Micro‐CT scans revealed that the phantoms' interiors were completely filled in. The maximum HU values of cortical bone in the phantom were lower than that of the filament, a result of CT image reconstruction. Creation of cancellous bone regions with lower HU values, using the printer's infill parameter, was successful. Direct volume renderings of the pelvis and prostate artery were similar to the clinical CT, with the exception that the surfaces of the phantom objects were not as smooth.ConclusionsIt is possible to reliably create FDM 3D printer filaments with predictable radiopacity in a wide range of attenuation values, which can be used to print dimensionally accurate radiopaque objects derived from CT data. Phantoms of this type can be quickly and inexpensively developed to assess and optimize CT protocols for specific clinical applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional printing CT‐derived objects with controllable radiopacity

Hamedani

Melvin

Vaheesan

et al. 2018

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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“…This technology started in 1987 when the first stereolithography machine was commercialized. In recent years there has been an increasing number of reports on the use of 3D models in medicine for teaching, diagnosis, surgical planning and bone reconstructions [1][2][3][4][5]. Using 3D printing for boney structures is very straightforward.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of 3D Prototypes for Complex Surgical Oncologic Cases

et al. 2015

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Introduction Physical 3D models known by the industry as rapid prototyping involve the creation of a physical model from a 3D computer version. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of reports on the use of 3D models in medicine. Printing such 3D models with different materials integrating the many components of human anatomy is technically challenging. In this article, we report our technological developments along with our clinical implementation experience using high‐fidelity 3D prototypes of tumors encasing major vessels in anatomically sensitive areas. Methods Three patients with tumors encasing major vessels that implied complex surgery were selected for surgical planning using 3D prototypes. 3D virtual models were obtained from routine CT and MRI images. The models, with all their anatomical relations, were created by an expert pediatric radiologist and a surgeon, image by image, along with a computerized‐aided design engineer. Results Surgeons had the opportunity to practice on the model before the surgery. This allowed questions regarding surgical approach; feasibility and potential complications to be raised in advance of the actual procedure. All patients then successfully underwent surgery as planned. Conclusion Having a tumor physically printed in its different main component parts with its anatomical relationships is technically feasible. Since a gross total resection is prognostic in a significant percentage of tumor types, refinements in planning may help achieve greater and safer resections therefore contributing to improve surgical management of complex tumors. In this early experience, 3D prototyping helped significantly in the many aspects of surgical oncology planning.

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“…The 3D medical image data is processed, mathematically modelled and subsequently transferred to a rapid prototype model provider for manufacture. Useful reviews of the rapid prototyping methods and clinical applications are available 21,22 . After acquisition and transfer, the images are imported into specialist RP software and techniques such as image thresholding and region growing are used to isolate the desired anatomical structure 23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the issues surrounding three-dimensional computed tomography for medical modelling using rapid prototyping techniques

Bibb

Winder

2010

Radiography

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Citation: BIBB, R. and WINDER, J., 2010. A review of the issues surrounding three-dimensional computed tomography for medical modelling using rapid prototyping techniques. Radiography, 16 (1), pp. 78 -83.Additional Information:• AbstractThis technical note aims to raise awareness amongst radiographers of the application of Computed Tomography data in the production of models using Rapid Prototyping technologies. It also aims to provide radiographers with recommendations that will assist them in providing three-dimensional Computed Tomography data that can fulfil the requirements of medical modelling. Potential problem areas in data acquisition and transfer are discussed and suggestions are given for methods that aim to avoid these.

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A review of rapid prototyping (RP) techniques in the medical and biomedical sector

Cited by 235 publications

References 10 publications

Three‐dimensional printing CT‐derived objects with controllable radiopacity

Three‐dimensional printing CT‐derived objects with controllable radiopacity

Use of 3D Prototypes for Complex Surgical Oncologic Cases

A review of the issues surrounding three-dimensional computed tomography for medical modelling using rapid prototyping techniques

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