A Review of Rare Earth Mineral Processing Technology

Abstract

Abstract:The recent technological advancement has made the rare earth elements (REEs) more significant and they in turn have facilitated the culmination of more new technological applications owing to their unique physical and chemical properties. In this regard, renewable energy applications such as wind turbine and hybrid cars testify to the increasing demands on permanent magnet in the future. Considering such increasing demands on REEs, it is felt necessary to identify alternative producers of REEs outside of China as one of the measures to create a fair competition and control the price on the market. It is worth highlighting that the separation of rare earth can be both complex and challenging owing to similar properties which are shared by them. The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively review and summarize the rare earth processing routes, the mostly employed rare earth separation methods, supply and demand of rare earth around the world and some possible scenarios in rare earth market. This review has critically looked into a few authors' recent reviews on six major processes of rare earth processing steps and each step is considered as important to produce both high quality and better quantity of REEs.

The Role of Microorganisms in Mobilization and Phytoextraction of Rare Earth Elements: A Review

“…Their unique physical and chemical properties (such as unique magnetic and optical properties) have made them essential for a growing number of critical technologies, i.e., those subject to trade disputes such as semiconductors and computers. (Migaszewski and Gałuszka, 2015;Suli et al, 2017;Ganguli and Cook, 2018;Balaram, 2019;Seaman, 2019).…”

The crystal structure of bis(μ2-5,7-dichloroquinolin-8-olato-κ3 N,O:O)-tetrakis(5,7-dichloroquinolin-8-olato-κ2 N,O)bis(methanol-κ1 O)dieuropium(III) — toluene (1/1), C63H39Cl12Eu2N6O8

“…The whole phenomenon of using organic chromophores to sensitize the europium ion is affectionately known as the antenna effect [22,23]. This has certainly become a trend of coordinating ligands on the immediate outer shell of the metal ion to access its metallic effect and/or characteristics with respect to various scientific researches undertaken [24,25]. The dinuclear crystal structure was solved in the centrosymmetric space group, P1, with only half a complex in the asymmetric unit.…”

REE'lerin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Çeşitli Analitik Teknikler Üzerine Bir Derleme

“…The Rare Earth Elements (REEs) according to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) include in a sum of 17 elements which containing 14 natural and 1 artificial element. The REEs are known as the lanthanides (La) starting from the mass number of 57 up to lutetium (Lu) with mass number of 71 plus yttrium (Y) and scandium (Sc), and also have similar the chemical/physical properties, due to magnetic and optical properties (Henderson, 1984;Suli et al, 2017). Moreover, the relative abundance tendency of REEs is regular and conforms to the Oddo-Harkins rule.…”

“…Therefore, REEs take part in industrial request for incremented, due to a significant function in many disciplines, such as medical, renewable energy, super conductors, permanent magnet, imaging agents, glass additives, fertilizer and feed additives, cosmetics, ceramics, carbon arc lamps, alloys, catalysts, defense, electronics and nuclear technologies (Nasab et al, 2011;Ault et al, 2015;Fisher and Kara, 2016;Gao et al, 2017;Suli et al, 2017;Balaram, 2019). Such uses, constitute an important part of the use of REEs.…”