A review of recent advances in the science and technology of seawater-mixed concrete

Ebead, Usama; Lau, Denvid; Lollini, Federica; Nanni, Antonio; Suraneni, Prannoy; Yu, Tao

doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2021.106666

Cited by 130 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…However, in addition to cement and aggregate, water as a component of concrete has not been considered in terms of sustainability. It has been estimated that global annual water consumption for concrete production accounts for 18% of global annual industrial water consumption [ 7 ]. Seawater (SW) is inexhaustible; its use results in zero carbon emissions compared to the use of tap water (TW), and the utilization of SW in manufacturing concrete is an effective way to reduce the unnecessary use of freshwater resources [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Salinity and Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer on Fresh Property of Seawater-Blended Cement

Ren

Zhang

et al. 2023

Polymers

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The salinity of seawater can affect the properties of mixtures of polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE) and seawater. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of different salinities of water on the property of seawater-mixed cement slurry. Two PCE types with different side chain lengths and acid–ether ratios were used. Their physicochemical properties were explained by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), turbidimetry, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. The performance of the PCEs was measured using slump, rheological energy, and solidification time. Finally, by measuring the adsorption volume, adsorption layer thickness, and water film thickness (WFT), the mechanisms involved in performance modification were studied. The results show that the workability and rheological performances of seawater-mixed cement paste are decreased by increasing salinity. With the increase in salinity, the minislump of the seawater-blended cement pastes with two PCEs decreased from 285 mm to 120 mm and from 280 mm to 78 mm, respectively, and the thixotropic areas were increased from less than 2000 Pa/s to above 10,000 Pa/s. Moreover, the adsorption amount of the two PCEs in the cement mixed with high-salinity seawater decreased by 55.99% and 71.56%, respectively, and the thickness of the adsorption layer and water film was decreased with increasing salinity. Compared with the two PCEs, PCE with long side chains and a high acid–ether ratio provided better salt resistance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Salinity and Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer on Fresh Property of Seawater-Blended Cement

Ren

Zhang

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…This is because not all types of concrete require reinforcement, depending on the intended application. The application of seawater for mixing concrete constituents might affect the durability of plain and reinforced concrete; however, understanding the durability of seawater-mixed concrete is a critical factor limiting its widespread adoption, and further research is required for clarification [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of behaviour of concrete mixed and cured with Nembe seawater

Eziefula¹,

Egbufor²,

Udoha³

2023

Res. Eng. Struct. Mater.

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Freshwater is conventionally used to produce concrete, but freshwater scarcity has become a significant challenge worldwide. The aim of this study is to experimentally investigate the workability and strength of Portland cement concrete mixed and cured with Nembe seawater. The initial and final setting times and slump of fresh concrete mixed with freshwater and seawater were determined. Four sets of concrete specimens were produced for the compressive strength tests: concrete cast and cured with freshwater, cast with freshwater and cured with seawater, cast with seawater and cured with freshwater, and cast and cured with seawater. The use of seawater for mixing concrete decreased the initial setting time of the cement paste and the slump of concrete by approximately 36% and 54%, respectively. Concrete specimens mixed with seawater and cured with freshwater exhibited the highest compressive strengths at the 60 th and 90 th days of curing. Although the concrete mixed with seawater yielded slightly higher compressive strengths than concrete mixed with freshwater, the difference between using freshwater and seawater as mixing and curing water in terms of compressive strength was minimal.

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“…The shortage of fresh water, one of the most precious resources on earth, has become a global concern due to climate change, industrialization, and urbanization . However, a massive amount of fresh water (∼16.6 × 10 9 m 3 ) is annually consumed for global concrete production, which contributes to ∼18% of industrial freshwater consumption worldwide . Considering the increasing shortfalls of fresh water, especially for regions that experience freshwater stress, seawater-mixed concrete has gained increasing interest in recent years, which is advantageous from a sustainability perspective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Insights into the Influence of Seawater (NaCl) on the Behavior of Calcium Silicate Hydrate

et al. 2023

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Using seawater for concrete production is potentially advantageous from a sustainability perspective. However, the fundamental mechanisms underlying seawater-mixed concrete are far from being understood, especially from the nanoscale. Herein, molecular models are developed to study, for the first time, the influence of seawater (NaCl solutions) on the behavior of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H, the main binding phase of concrete). Thermodynamically, Na+ showed a strong adsorption capacity on the C-S-H surface, resulting in the partial release of Ca2+ from the surface (termed as “Na–Ca cation exchange”). Mechanically, the presence of NaCl in the interlayer solutions enhanced the bond performance between the C-S-H layers because Na+ ions provided a greater stress transfer capacity than H2O molecules. Under shear loading, the C-S-H layers slid over each other, with the interlayer solutions acting as a lubricant. An increase in NaCl concentration enhanced the sliding resistance, which was attributed to the increased viscosity of the interlayer solutions and strengthening of the solid–solution interfaces. The above atomic-level findings facilitate a better understanding of the influence of seawater on concrete properties.

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A review of recent advances in the science and technology of seawater-mixed concrete

Cited by 130 publications

References 92 publications

Effect of Salinity and Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer on Fresh Property of Seawater-Blended Cement

Effect of Salinity and Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer on Fresh Property of Seawater-Blended Cement

Experimental investigation of behaviour of concrete mixed and cured with Nembe seawater

Nanoscale Insights into the Influence of Seawater (NaCl) on the Behavior of Calcium Silicate Hydrate

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