A review of recent advances in the synthesis of environmentally friendly, sustainable, and nontoxic bio-lubricants: Recommendations for the future implementations

Ijaz Malik, Muhammad Ali; Kalam, M.A.; Mujtaba, M.A.; Almomani, Fares

doi:10.1016/j.eti.2023.103366

Cited by 17 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 205 publications

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“…The deformation of the surface that occurred during contact would lead to variations in the force of friction, as well as vibrations and noise that were created by friction, which would ultimately lead to a decrease in stability [5][6][7][8][9]. As a consequence of this, a wide variety of high-performance lubricants, which were either derived from petroleum or that were obtained from biological sources, have been utilized widely for the goal of reducing surface deformations [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Lubricant’s Viscosity on Reducing the Frictional-Induced Fluctuation on the Onset of Friction

Liu,

Lv,

Liu

2024

Lubricants

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The initial friction stage between the contacting materials would generate a maximum shear force and an unstable fluctuating time, which had a negative effect on the entire frictional system, especially at low temperature conditions. In order to decrease the occurring shear force and fluctuating time on the onset of friction, two different lubricating oils were applied in this study to investigate the influence of lubricant’s viscosity on these friction behaviors. The frictional experiments were conducted between the steel ball and the 40CrMnMo, and special attention was paid to the relationship between maximum friction force, fluctuating time, frictional vibration and the initial lubricant temperature. The results showed that the friction force first increased to the maximum value and then experienced an oscillation damping period (fluctuating time) before it reached a stable state. And this fluctuating behavior caused corresponding vibrations on the initial contacting. However, compared to the high viscosity lubricating oil (HO), the low viscosity lubricating oil (LO) contributed to more than 50% reductions on max friction force, fluctuating time and vibration at the cold start (0 °C). Moreover, the weakened initial frictional fluctuation was conducive to generating a low and stable friction coefficient (COF) and wear loss of the long-term test. The discrepancy on lubricating performance was that the low viscosity provided high fluidity, which allowed rapid distribution of the lubricant between the contacting surfaces and formed an intact lubricating film. Similarly, the high temperature decreased the viscosity of HO and thus led to satisfactory friction reductions. The knowledge gained herein provides a supporting theory on the design and preparation of a lubricating oil with high performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Lubricant’s Viscosity on Reducing the Frictional-Induced Fluctuation on the Onset of Friction

Liu,

Lv,

Liu

2024

Lubricants

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Synthesis of nanoSiO2/graphene oxide nanocomposite as a novel engine oil additive for reducing friction and wear

Xue,

Zhao,

Song

et al. 2024

J Mater Sci

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Enhancing the Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication and Vibration Behavior of Rolling Bearings Using a Hybrid Bio-Grease Blended with Activated Carbon Nanoparticles

Abouelkasem,

Nassef,

Abdelnaeem

et al. 2024

Tribol Lett

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In recent years, bio-lubricants have received a growing interest for industrial applications. Still, a full-scale implementation in machinery lubrication requires a thorough evaluation of their performance through tribological and operational tests to stand upon their performance. Additionally, the promising outcomes achieved by nanoadditives in improving the performance of synthetic lubricants have prompted research efforts to identify suitable nanoadditives for bio-grease. This paper introduces a bio-grease from a hybrid vegetable oil and glycerol monostearate as a thickener for the lubrication of rolling bearings. Activated carbon nanoparticles (ACNPs) as nanoadditives were synthesized, characterized, and incorporated into the bio-grease at concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 2% by weight. Tribo-tests were conducted on these bio-grease blends, and running tests were carried out using 6006 ball bearings on a custom test rig. Throughout a 30-min test run under a radial load of 10% of the bearing’s dynamic load rating, mechanical vibrations and power consumption were measured and analyzed for each bearing. The bio-grease with ACNPs exhibited a substantial reduction in wear scar diameter (WSD) and coefficient of friction (COF), achieving improvements of up to 73.6 and 65%, respectively, in comparison to lithium grease. Furthermore, the load carrying capacity was enhanced by 200%. The study revealed a strong correlation between measured vibration amplitudes and the viscosity of the bio-grease. The absence of high frequency resonant bands in vibration spectra indicated that the test grease samples satisfied the conditions of elastohydrodynamic lubrication, and these findings were corroborated through calculations of the minimum oil film thickness.

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A review of recent advances in the synthesis of environmentally friendly, sustainable, and nontoxic bio-lubricants: Recommendations for the future implementations

Cited by 17 publications

References 205 publications

The Effect of Lubricant’s Viscosity on Reducing the Frictional-Induced Fluctuation on the Onset of Friction

The Effect of Lubricant’s Viscosity on Reducing the Frictional-Induced Fluctuation on the Onset of Friction

Synthesis of nanoSiO2/graphene oxide nanocomposite as a novel engine oil additive for reducing friction and wear

Enhancing the Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication and Vibration Behavior of Rolling Bearings Using a Hybrid Bio-Grease Blended with Activated Carbon Nanoparticles

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