A Review of Recent Literature on Trauma Among Individuals Living with HIV

LeGrand, Sara; Reif, Susan; Sullivan, Kristen; Murray, Kate R.; Barlow, Morgan L.; Whetten, Kathryn

doi:10.1007/s11904-015-0288-2

Cited by 100 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…A person's perceived ability to behave in ways that will successfully prevent HIV transmission (Randall, 2008); "confidence in one's ability to use protective behaviors or safe-sex practices to: (1) refuse engaging in any type of sexual behavior, (2) CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction Individuals exposed to trauma during childhood such as childhood sexual abuse often experience negative health and behavioral outcomes including HIV transmission (LeGrand et al, 2015, Willie et al, 2015O'Cleirigh, Safren, & Mayer, 2012;Machtinger, Wilson, & Haberer, 2012). Studies have also found that exposure to CSA is more prevalent among people living with HIV across different HIV risk groups compared to the general population (LeGrand et al, 2015, Willie et al, 2015, Borwein, 2013O'Cleirigh, Safren, & Mayer, 2012;Machtinger, Wilson, & Haberer, 2012;Whetten et al, 2008). The consequences of CSA do not end with contracting HIV.…”

Section: Hiv-related Risk Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is strong evidence to indicate that childhood sexual abuse is an important risk factor for HIV infection among women (LeGrand et al, 2015;Willie et al, 2015;O'Cleirigh, Safren, & Mayer, 2012;Machtinger, Wilson, & Haberer, 2012;Jones et al, 2010b, Zieler, et al, 1991. However, there is limited research on the subject in lowresource settings such as Haiti, Mongolia, Latin America, the Caribbean, and Francophone African countries (Parcesepe et al, 2015;Longman-Mills et al, 2013;Lanius, Vermetten, & Pain, 2010;Whetten et al, 2008;Masinda & Muhindo, 2004;DeJong et al, 2001).…”

Section: Childhood Sexual Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is limited research on the subject in lowresource settings such as Haiti, Mongolia, Latin America, the Caribbean, and Francophone African countries (Parcesepe et al, 2015;Longman-Mills et al, 2013;Lanius, Vermetten, & Pain, 2010;Whetten et al, 2008;Masinda & Muhindo, 2004;DeJong et al, 2001). Where the research does exist in third world or low-resource settings such as parts of Asia, the Middle East, and English-speaking African countries like Rwanda and South Africa, it primarily focuses on childhood trauma due to war, famine, and natural disasters, with some research dedicated to sexual abuse in South Africa (LeGrand et al, 2015;Richter et al, 2014;Lanius, Vermetten, & Pain, 2010;Masinda & Muhindo, 2004). High HIV prevalence rates (although declining), sexual risk behaviors, poverty, low education rates, and power imbalances in sexual relationships (which will be discussed later in this literature review) continue to be significant HIVrelated risk factors for Haitian women living in Haiti Cayemittes, 2013;Malow et al 2000;Deschamps & Pape, 1996;Ulin, Cayemittes, & Metellus, 1995).…”

Section: Childhood Sexual Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Closer examination of the relationship between childhood trauma and the sexual risk behaviors of women (both HIV-negative and HIV-positive) has been presented through multiple studies over the years (LeGrand et al, 2015;Brezing, Ferrara, & Freudenrich, 2014;Schwartz et al, 2014;Whetten et al, 2008;Paxton et al, 2006;Wyatt, Myers, & Loeb, 2004;Cohen et al, 2000). For instance, Brezing, Ferrara, and Freudenrich (2015) conducted a review of literature on the syndemic illness of HIV and trauma.…”

Section: Childhood Sexual Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Western Europe have a substantially greater history of trauma than that of the general population (LeGrand et al, 2015;Borwein et al, 2014;Parcesepe et al, 2014;LongmanMills et al, 2013;Whetten et al, 2008).…”

Section: Childhood Sexual Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

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Association Between Childhood Sexual Abuse and HIV-Related Risk Factors for HIV-Positive Haitian Women

Sévère¹

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All rights reserved.iv DEDICATION I dedicate this dissertation to the special people in my life who reminded me that this journey was not designed to be perfect, but rather it was perfectly and divinely designed for me. To those wonderful people in my life; I dedicate this dissertation to you. your support has meant to me during this doctoral journey! I was so proud to see each of you complete the dissertation and earn those three letters. We all finished at different times, but we stood by each other every step of the way. From the moment we entered the program at Florida International University, we depended on each other to talk, to research, to complain, to work, and to laugh. We became more than friends-we became a little family that grew beyond the confines of a classroom. From weddings, to babies, to new careers, to international travel-we were there for each other. Now that I finally made it to the other side, I hope I made you just as proud as each of you has made me. Results showed that women who were exposed to some level of sexual abuse during childhood had less favorable attitudes towards condom use than women who reported no exposure to sexual abuse during childhood [F(2, 217) = 5.10, p = .007].There were no differences between exposure groups for the remaining sexual risk behaviors: multiple partners, knowledge of HIV, and sexual self-efficacy. Women who were exposed to CSA also reported higher levels of alcohol use than reported by the women in the non-exposure group. Finally, there were no differences between exposure groups for social support. Examining women at the beginning of their diagnosis for childhood trauma and providing targeted interventions for coping with that trauma presents a valuable research opportunity. The findings of the current study suggest that more research is required to understand the association between CSA and HIV-related risk factors in this subset of the HIV-positive population.

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Section: Hiv-related Risk Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Childhood Sexual Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Childhood Sexual Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Childhood Sexual Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Childhood Sexual Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

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Association Between Childhood Sexual Abuse and HIV-Related Risk Factors for HIV-Positive Haitian Women

Sévère¹

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“I just keep quiet about it and act as if everything is alright” – The cascade from trauma to disengagement among adolescents living with HIV in western Kenya

Enane

Apondi

Omollo

et al. 2021

J. Intern. AIDS Soc.

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Introduction There are approximately 1.7 million adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV, ages 10 to 19) globally, including 110,000 in Kenya. While ALHIV experience poor retention in care, limited data exist on factors underlying disengagement. We investigated the burden of trauma among disengaged ALHIV in western Kenya, and its potential role in HIV care disengagement. Methods We performed in‐depth qualitative interviews with ALHIV who had disengaged from care at two sites, their caregivers and healthcare workers (HCW) at 10 sites, from 2018 to 2020. Disengagement was defined as not attending clinic ≥60 days past a missed scheduled visit. ALHIV and their caregivers were traced through phone calls and home visits. Interviews ascertained barriers and facilitators to adolescent retention in HIV care. Dedicated questions elicited narratives surrounding traumatic experiences, and the ways in which these did or did not impact retention in care. Through thematic analysis, a conceptual model emerged for a cascade from adolescent experience of trauma to disengagement from HIV care. Results Interviews were conducted with 42 disengaged ALHIV, 34 caregivers and 28 HCW. ALHIV experienced a high burden of trauma from a range of stressors, including experiences at HIV disclosure or diagnosis, the loss of parents, enacted stigma and physical or sexual violence. A confluence of factors – trauma, stigma and isolation, and lack of social support – led to hopelessness and depression. These factors compounded each other, and resulted in complex mental health burdens, poor antiretroviral adherence and care disengagement. HCW approaches aligned with the factors in this model, suggesting that these areas represent targets for intervention and provision of trauma‐informed care. Conclusions Trauma is a major factor underlying disengagement from HIV care among Kenyan adolescents. We describe a cascade of factors representing areas for intervention to support mental health and retention in HIV care. These include not only the provision of mental healthcare, but also preventing or addressing violence, trauma and stigma, and reinforcing social and familial support surrounding vulnerable adolescents. In this conceptualization, supporting retention in HIV care requires a trauma‐informed approach, both in the individualized care of ALHIV and in the development of strategies and policies to support adolescent health outcomes.

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Bringing Compassion to HIV Care: Applying the Compassion-Focused Therapy Model to Healthcare Delivery

Gibson

Vosper

Rutter

et al. 2021

Providing HIV Care: Lessons From the Field for Nurses and Healthcare Practitioners

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A Review of Recent Literature on Trauma Among Individuals Living with HIV

Cited by 100 publications

References 61 publications

Association Between Childhood Sexual Abuse and HIV-Related Risk Factors for HIV-Positive Haitian Women

Association Between Childhood Sexual Abuse and HIV-Related Risk Factors for HIV-Positive Haitian Women

“I just keep quiet about it and act as if everything is alright” – The cascade from trauma to disengagement among adolescents living with HIV in western Kenya

Bringing Compassion to HIV Care: Applying the Compassion-Focused Therapy Model to Healthcare Delivery

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