A Review of Research on the Use of Selected Grass Species in Removal of Heavy Metals

Abstract

Soil and air pollution are main problems posing a serious threat to human health. Traditional physical and chemical soil remediation methods affect the soil ecosystem and are rather costly. Since the main purpose of soil remediation is not only to remove pollutants but also to restore soil health, the method of phytoremediation is becoming extremely relevant. Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly and natural process of removing pollutants from the environment. Cleaning up contaminated sites and enabling re-use without harming future users requires the implementation of environmentally friendly and economically attractive technologies. Phytoremediation does not adversely affect the structure and biological life of the soil. Concerning on-site cleaning in situ. Hyperaccumulator plants can accumulate heavy metals from the soil, which is the so-called phytoextraction. The ability of trees and shrubs to effectively remove solid particles from the air has also been proven. However, it is not always possible to grow large plants in polluted areas. Therefore, the main goal of the research was to explore previous studies on the phytoremediation capability of herbaceous plants, in particular, their phytoextraction capacity. Another major issue was to study the main methods of improving plant phytoextraction. The results obtained show that grass can be a good solution for natural ecosystem cleanup. It is also necessary to pay attention to the impact of phytoextraction-improving substances on soil health.

Sustainable Restoration of Soil Functionality in PTE-Affected Environments: Biochar Impact on Soil Chemistry, Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Plant Growth

“…Also, biochar influence on PTE uptake differed depending on the plant species: the concentration of Pb and Cd in triticale roots increased in the amended soils (up to 36 and 100%, respectively, vs. control), while that of Zn was reduced (up to 76% vs. control; Table 2). These results could be explained by a higher and/or altered root activity in the amended soils (e.g., increased secretion of siderophore, organic acids, and other root exudates), which led to enhanced Pb and Cd mobilization from the soil and their subsequent uptake [79], as well as a reduced Zn uptake (which was also correlated with the reduction of labile Zn in the amended soils; Figure 1). Table 2.…”

“…Our results suggest a quite different tolerance/sensitivity of the two plants towards labile PTE (as evident from the comparison of plant growth in control soil) and a different adaptation to soil chemical characteristics, e.g., pH and total N. Tomato yield increased dramatically when labile PTE was reduced in the amended soils, while triticale did not (Figure 8), likely suggesting a higher PTE tolerance of the latter species that allowed substantial plant growth in the control soil. This is probably why triticale, likewise other grass species, has been used in different phytoremediation studies (e.g., [77][78][79][80]). Furthermore, S. lycopersicum is very sensitive to soil acidity (and soluble Al 3+ ), and the pH increase recorded in 2.5-and 5.0-Bio could have contributed to improving its growth in the amended soils [81].…”

Studying the Effectiveness of Phytoremediation in the Purification of Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals

“…This method can also be a suitable method for improving and restoring areas in contaminated areas around mines. So that this process can lead to the re-establishment of vegetation in places where the vegetation has been lost due to the high concentration of metals (Castro-Bedriñana et al, 2021;Sladkovska et al, 2022).…”

Facile Synthesis of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Intercalated Mg‐Al LDH and its Excellent Adsorption Performances for Cu2+ from Aqueous Solution

“…Therefore, it is very imperative to develop an efficient method for the treatment of heavy metal ions in water. Currently, the primary treatment methods for addressing heavy metal contamination in water emcompass phytoremediation, [5] chemical precipitation, [6] adsorption, [7] ion exchange, [8] photocatalysis, [9] electrocoagulation [10] and membrane process [11] . Among these diverse techniques, adsorption stands out as a widely recognized and efficient approaches for heavy metal removal, owing to its simplicity, high efficiency and cost‐effectiveness [12] .…”