A Review of Research on the Effect of Temperature on the Properties of Polyurethane Foams

Abstract

Temperature is one of the main factors affecting the properties of polyurethane foams, and there are large differences in the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams at different temperatures. To understand the effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams and to provide a theoretical basis for the application of polyurethane foams in extreme environments, this paper systematically describes the research on the effect of mold temperature, raw material temperature, and environmental temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of polyurethane foams in the formation and service stages of rigid polyurethane foams by domestic and foreign scholars, and summarizes the effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams and the mechanism of action. A review of the literature shows that the effect of different temperatures on the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams can be summarized. The literature review shows that there are certain changes in the foaming process, pore structure, and mechanical properties of polyurethane foams at different temperatures, and the increase in temperature generally leads to the increase in pore size, decrease in density, and decrease in mechanical properties of polyurethane foams.

Thermo-rheological improvement of magnetorheological foam with the addition of silica nanoparticles

“…It also shows that the rising temperatures have influenced the polymer structure of MR foam and its resultant characteristics. Besides, a previous study of basic PU foam has stated that the changed in temperature during service performance have caused changes in the macroscopic properties of the material, such as loss in strength and modulus [30]. The result is in line with a recent study conducted by Rashid et al [21], who found that as the temperature increased from 25 • C to 65 • C, G 0 ′ of MRE has reduced from 0.76 to 0.63 MPa.…”

Effect of milled fish scale powder reinforcement on physical properties of ether‐based polyurethane foam composite

“…Fish scale powder is composed of collagen fibers, which are known for their high strength, stiffness, and toughness 9 . According to Wang, Zhang 23 polyurethane foam materials generally show a significant reduction in strength as the temperature increases. Previous studies such as Horak, Dvorak 24 and Song, Lu 25 revealed that an increase in temperature caused a loss of strength and modulus.…”

“…For instance, the improvement of tear resistance under heat aging may be attributable to the presence of collagen fibers and minerals, which could help bridge and distribute stress within the material, preventing the propagation of tears. While temperature conditions can affect material properties, 23 the result suggests that the addition of 1 gram of fish scale powder may help mitigate the negative effects of moisture on tear resistance. The results of this study are consistent with previous research that has investigated the use of natural materials as reinforcements in polyurethane foam composites.…”

X-ray Tomographic Reconstruction for Understanding Lignin-Induced Changes in the Microstructure and Properties of Polyurethane Insulation Foam

“…For example, the relationship between compressive strength and cell volume or strut size is undefined, although it is well known that smaller cell sizes give a stronger foam. 18,19 X-ray computed microtomography (X-ray μCT) imaging is an alternative non-destructive technique used to characterize foams, allowing precise 3D quantification of internal morphology such as the spatial parameters (cell porosity, cell volume, and cell orientation�ellipticity or anisotropy) and the skeletal parameters (cell strut and wall measurements and the volume of struts). 20−22 This technique has enabled monitoring structural changes in terms of cell parameters during mechanical property testing 23 and modeling thermal properties of various types (metallic/non-metallic) of cellular materials.…”

“…As a result, while there are many empirical structure–property relationships, it has not been possible to precisely correlate the 3D structure of RPUF with physical properties to date. For example, the relationship between compressive strength and cell volume or strut size is undefined, although it is well known that smaller cell sizes give a stronger foam. , …”