A Review of Research on Moral Injury in Combat Veterans

Pathways to Collective Emotions: Proximity, Media Exposure, Initial Reactions and Appraisal following the Sewol Ferry Disaster

“…도덕적 손 상은 강한 죄책감과 수치심, 영적 위기를 특징으로 하는 심 리적 외상으로 (Litz et al, 2009;Nash & Litz, 2013;Jinkerson, 2016), 도덕적 갈등, 지각된 도덕적 위반에 대한 죄책감이나 믿었던 사람의 도덕적 위반과 관련된 죄책감, 그 리고 수치심과 영적ㆍ실존적 위기, 사기 저하, 심리적 비통 함의 경험을 공통적으로 포함하고 있다 (Jinkerson, 2016). 이러한 도덕적 손상을 초래할 수 있는 사건에는, 죽음과 관 련된 상황, 살인, 인간의 유해를 처리하거나 발견하는 일, 심 각한 부상을 입은 희생자에게 도움을 줄 수 없는 상황 등이 포함된다 (Frankfurt & Frazier, 2016 …”

Moral Injury and Jus Ad Bellum

“…While those sorts of losses, threats, and traumas are significant, the moral injury of war is different. Moral injury in war is a result of transgressive acts that violate a combatant's conscience or sense of self (see Craig et al, 2016;Drescher et al, 2016;Frankfurt and Frazier, 2016;Litz et al, 2009). As Brock and Lettini explain, moral injury "comes from having transgressed one's basic moral identity and violated core moral beliefs" (Brock and Lettini 2012, xiv).…”

Assessing moral injury and existential well-being in returning servicemembers using the spiritual attitudes inventory - revised (2010).

“…This certainly poses a problem for research and is a recommendation that has been posed by previous researchers (Litz, 2006;Frankfurt, 2016). Given that this common complaint of feeling changed at the moral core is emerging as prevalent and potentially as damaging as PTSD, and evidence suggesting that this array of symptoms could point to a separate, yet highly correlated condition (Ford, 1999), this study set out examine the relationships between the constructs of PTSD, Moral Injury and Existential…”

“…(Shay, 2014). There is a growing trend in the healthcare and mental health fields recognizing the impact of the spiritual or existential domain as a mitigating construct to help explain the intense suffering experienced by some individuals, as well as to explain the phenomenon of human resiliency and growth in the face of adversity (Frankfurt, 2016). Many leading national researchers have recommended the inclusion of spiritual or existential assessment to identify those who may be struggling to reintegrate or are at-risk of failing to successfully adapt.…”

“…To date, no study has specifically examined the proposed indicators of Moral Injury in relation to the concept of Existential Well-Being (Frankfurt, 2016) and the information obtained from this analysis may help to provide a more holistic understanding of the injuries suffered by returning Servicemembers. In addition, predictors and/or risk factors may be identified that could be developed in to screening tools to identify those who are struggling with Moral Injury concerns.…”