A review of retention mechanism studies for packed column supercritical fluid chromatography

Si-Hung, Le; Bamba, Takeshi

doi:10.1002/ansa.202000144

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 163 publications

(481 reference statements)

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“…Regarding the effect of water usage on chiral separation, the results demonstrated that a dramatic gain in the separation efficiency of hydrophilic phases-compared to hydrophobic phases-also leads to a decrease in the retention times of hydrophilic stationary phases [28]. Other applications of using water as an additive are reported in [33,34].…”

Section: Using Water As An Additive In Sfcmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Water as an Additive on the Elution of Some Basic Organic Compounds in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Kazmouz,

Felinger

2024

Molecules

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In this study, water was used as an additive in the methanol-modified carbon dioxide-based eluent for the elution of some basic organic compounds from a hybrid silica column via supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The experiments were applied to sulfonamides, propranolol, and other organic nitrogen compounds involving aromatic rings from different classes of amine, pyrimidine, and purine with different pKa values (the pKa values for the studied analytes range from 4.6 to 10.4). The results revealed different responses to the different percentages of water addition. Adding 1~2% of water to the modifier (methanol) led to a positive effect manifested by more symmetrical peak shapes and reduced retention times for most compounds. The key factor for this improvement in the properties of chromatographic peaks is due to the adsorption of water on the silanol groups of the stationary phase, consequently resembling the phenomena observed in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). Moreover, the availability of hydrogen bond acceptor and donor sites in the analyte structure is an important factor to be considered when adding water as an additive to the modifier for improving the chromatographic peaks. However, introducing water in an amount higher than 3% resulted in perturbed chromatographic signals. It was also found that water as an additive alone could not successfully elute propranolol from the hybrid silica column with an acceptable peak shape; thus, the addition of a strong base such as amine salts was also necessary. The proposed use of a particular amount of water in the mobile phase could have a positive effect compared to the same mobile phase without water, improving the chromatographic peak properties of the elution of some basic organic compounds from the hybrid silica column.

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Section: Using Water As An Additive In Sfcmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Water as an Additive on the Elution of Some Basic Organic Compounds in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Kazmouz,

Felinger

2024

Molecules

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“…Lesellier and West have applied the LSER model on a broad spectrum of stationary phases used in packed column SFC to describe the retention behavior and classify the columns [122][123][124][125][126][127]. The unified classification of stationary phases is displayed as a spider diagram (Figure 3), where the individual stationary phases are plotted and grouped based on the retention behavior and selectivity [26,[128][129][130]. This diagram can be easily used when searching for columns with similar or orthogonal selectivity during method development and for a quick insight into the retention behavior of stationary phase with the same chemistry but from different manufacturers.…”

Section: Packed Sfc Columns In Analytical-scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Columns in analytical‐scale supercritical fluid chromatography: From traditional to unconventional chemistries

Plachká

Pilařová

Horáček

et al. 2023

J of Separation Science

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Within this review, we thoroughly explored supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) columns used across > 3000 papers published from the first study carried out under SFC conditions in 1962 to the end of 2022. We focused on the open tubular capillary, packed capillary, and packed columns, their chemistries, dimensions, and trends in used stationary phases with correlation to their specific interactions, advantages, drawbacks, used instrumentation, and application field. Since the 1990s, packed columns with liquid chromatography and SFC‐dedicated stationary phases for chiral and achiral separation are predominantly used. These stationary phases are based on silica support modified with a wide range of chemical moieties. Moreover, numerous unconventional stationary phases were evaluated, including porous graphitic carbon, titania, zirconia, alumina, liquid crystals, and ionic liquids. The applications of unconventional stationary phases are described in detail as they bring essential findings required for further development of the supercritical fluid chromatography technique.

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“…In recent years, ultrahigh-performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC) has established a strong position among the separation techniques in various application fields. , The unique physicochemical properties of the mobile phase consisting of carbon dioxide, organic modifier, and additive, allow the separation of nonpolar, medium polar to polar compounds. , Due to the many possibilities of method tuning, including not only mobile phase composition and stationary phase selection but also pressure, temperature, and flow rate adjustment, the continuous change of conditions from SFC to LC is possible. In the early 1990s, the first attempts to separate medium polar compounds were made when using polar packed columns in SFC and/or unified chromatography (UC) as a concept where the single chromatographic system could carry out analysis in different modes, including all GC, LC, and SFC .…”

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Ultrahigh-Performance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography–Multimodal Ionization–Tandem Mass Spectrometry as a Universal Tool for the Analysis of Small Molecules in Complex Plant Extracts

Plachká,

Pilařová,

Kosturko

et al. 2024

Anal. Chem.

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Complex analysis of plant extracts usually requires a combination of several analytical approaches. Therefore, in this study, we developed a holistic two-injection approach for plant extract analysis, which is carried out within one instrument without the need for any manual intervention during the analysis. Ultrahigh-performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC) was employed for the analysis of 17 volatile terpenes on a porous graphitic carbon column within 7.5 min, followed by analysis on short diol column where flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoic acids were analyzed within 15.5 min. A multimodal ionization source combining electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (ESCi) was selected for mass spectrometry detection as a simultaneous ionization of both lipophilic and polar compounds was required. The quantitative aspects of the final UHPSFC-ESI/ESCi-MS/MS twoinjection approach were determined, and it was applied to the analysis of Eucalyptus sp. extracts prepared by supercritical fluid extraction. Current methods reported in the literature typically require a labor-intensive combination of liquid and gas chromatography for the complex analysis of plant extracts. We present for the first time a new UHPSFC approach requiring only a single instrument that provides an alternative approach to the analysis of complex plant extracts.

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A review of retention mechanism studies for packed column supercritical fluid chromatography

Cited by 13 publications

References 163 publications

The Impact of Water as an Additive on the Elution of Some Basic Organic Compounds in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

The Impact of Water as an Additive on the Elution of Some Basic Organic Compounds in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Columns in analytical‐scale supercritical fluid chromatography: From traditional to unconventional chemistries

Ultrahigh-Performance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography–Multimodal Ionization–Tandem Mass Spectrometry as a Universal Tool for the Analysis of Small Molecules in Complex Plant Extracts

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