A Review of Sampling Plans and Collaboratively Studied Methods of Analysis for Aflatoxins

Schuller, P. L.; Horwitz, William; Stoloff, Leonard

doi:10.1093/jaoac/59.6.1315

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The results are in agreement with the extraction efficiencies reported by other authors who found that the mean recoveries for DCF ranged from 77.2 to 93.8% in egg yolk (Mourer et al, 1990), 78 to 104% in tea (Zhu and Wang, 2000) and 87 to 95% in oranges (Ribeiro et al, 2000). The percentage recoveries for the present study can be considered satisfactory according to guidelines which state that any method with a proven recovery of 70% or more could be eligible for future official adoption (Schuller et al, 1976). Also, the low RSDs indicated a high level of repeatability for the tested method.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Fate of Preharvest-Sprayed Dicofol in Date Fruits: Residue Analysis by HPLC-UV

Al-Rehiayani

Osman

2005

Jour. Agri. & Mar. Scie.

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The fate of pre-harvest-sprayed dicofol (DCF) on date fruits has been investigated. Date palm trees, variety Sukkari, were sprayed with DCF (18.5%, EC) at the rate of 200 ml/100 L. DCF residues in date fruits were determined at different time intervals using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection at 220 nm. The method was based on extraction with ethyl acetate. The results showed that the HPLC response was linear (r2 > 0.98) for DCF in the range of 0.0 to 2 mμg. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.24 and 0.80 ppm, respectively. The method was developed by using spiked date fruits at levels of 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0 ppm. Recovery percentage was satisfactory with a range of 77.2 to 103.6% and an RSD ranging from 6.33 to 11.84%. A biphasic model was assumed in order to carry out the statistical study of the loss of DCF from date fruits. The results showed that the initial deposit of DCF on date fruits was 11.22 ppm, while the residue value decreased to 1.90 ppm seven days after spraying, which is below the tolerance limit for fruits and vegetables (2 ppm). Also, the data indicate that there was a faster rate of DCF loss in the first phase than the second one. This is clearly reflected in the t1/2 values, where the half-lives of DCF were 1.35 and 38.52 days, for the first and second phase model, respectively. The described method is rapid and sensitive, with satisfactory recoveries and reproducibility.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Fate of Preharvest-Sprayed Dicofol in Date Fruits: Residue Analysis by HPLC-UV

Al-Rehiayani

Osman

2005

Jour. Agri. & Mar. Scie.

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“…For bromoxynil determination, soil samples were extracted with 20 rrd of acetone for 24 hrs in shaker at room temperature then analysed by High Performance Liquid Chron~atography (IBLC)(Falqui-Cao et al, 2001). The percentage recoveries for the present study were satisfactory with a range of 90-108%(Schuller et al, 1976).…”

supporting

confidence: 51%

TRANSPORT AND FATE OF PESTICIDE iN UNSATURATED NONISOTHERMAL SOIL: EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDIES FOR BROMOXYNIL OCTANOATE.

Al-Salamah

2008

ERJ. Engineering Research Journal

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Transport of bromoxynil octanoate (3,s-dibromo-4-hydroxy-benzonitrile) and water were studied experimentally and numerically in closed soil columns. Bromoxynil and water content distributions in the soil columns were measured. A numerical model was developed based upon unsteady state movement of water, heat and nonvolatile organic compound (i.e., bromoxynil octanoate) for simulating the measured data. Loamy sand soil was moisturized then packed in sealed PVC columns (0.10m diameter and 0.3m long). The average bulk density of soil columns was 1439 kg/m3. The soil had initial water content of 0.113 m3/m3. The top 0.005 m-layer of soil column had 0.000272 mol/l of bromoxynil, while the rest of soil column had zero concentration. The columns were buried vertically within a soil bin such that column surfaces were exposed to natural radiation of Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Two soil columns lasted for 14 days. Both predicted and measured final soil water contents showed nonlinear distributions and similar trends. The water moved from the upper region (0.05 m thick) toward the cold region at depth O.lm. The measured and predicted soil water distributions in the lower layer (i.e., 0.1 to 0.3 m) showed small changes. The predicted and measured bromoxynil concentrations behaved similarly in their &end. The upper 0.0-0.15 m was an active layer for degradation and movement of bromoxynil. The upper 0.0-0.05 m-region possessed lower concentration of bromoxynil while the succeeded region of 0.05 to 0.15 m possessed the highest concentration. Numerical simulation showed that increasing the mean temperature resulted more migration of water and bromoxynil from upper region toward lower region.

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“…The difficulty in sampling and analysis for AF in whole cottonseed and other crops has been a subject of various studies (Schuller et al, 1976;Whitaker and Dickens, 1979).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%