A Review of SARS-CoV-2 Disease (COVID-19): Pandemic in Our Time

Al-Awwal, Nasruddeen; Dweik, Ferris; Mahdi, Samira; El-Dweik, Majed; Anderson, Stephen H.

doi:10.3390/pathogens11030368

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Individuals with psychiatric disorders are more susceptible to stress compared to the general population [ 12 ]. Recurrence of serious mental disorders can result in poor hygiene, inability to implement social distancing or other preventive strategies, failure to report in a timely manner or obtain medical attention, and failure to adhere to expected treatment [ 13 , 14 ]. Sukut and Ayhan Balik emphasize that as a result of the traffic restrictions and social isolation applied in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, outpatients with serious mental illness have difficulty maintaining treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient Management in the Emergency Department during a COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2022

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In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, international action has been taken to prevent the spread of the disease. The aim of this study is to establish the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency department utilization patterns in Poland. It was established that age (among COVID-19 positive patients) has a large influence on the occurrence of a mental illness or disorder. It has been proven that the older the person (patients diagnosed with U07.1), the more often mental diseases/disorders are diagnosed (p = 0.009–0.044). Gender decides the course of hospitalization to the disadvantage of men (p = 0.022). Men diagnosed with U07.1 stay much longer in specialized long-term care units. Lower-aged patients have a shorter hospitalization time (up to the age of 29; p = 0.017). The COVID-19 pandemic has placed healthcare systems, their staff, and their patients in an unprecedented situation. Our study showed changes in the number and characteristics of patients visiting the ED during COVID-19. Despite the shift in the center of gravity of health system functioning to the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, care must be taken to ensure that uninfected patients have access to treatment for cardiovascular, mental health, oncological, and other diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient Management in the Emergency Department during a COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2022

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“…An international pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been ongoing since late 2019. 1 , 2 Because of challenges related to manufacturing, storage, new variants, and public perceptions of side-effects and efficacy, there is a need for additional types of Covid-19 vaccines. 3 , 4 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A personal COVID-19 dendritic cell vaccine made at point-of-care: Feasibility, safety, and antigen-specific cellular immune responses

Nistor¹,

Dillman²,

Robles³

et al. 2022

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a world-wide pandemic. Internationally, because of availability, accessibility, and distribution issues, there is a need for additional vaccines. This study aimed to: establish the feasibility of personal dendritic cell vaccines to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, establish the safety of a single subcutaneous vaccine injection, and determine the antigen-specific immune response following vaccination. In Phase 1, 31 subjects were assigned to one of nine formulations of autologous dendritic cells and lymphocytes (DCL) incubated with 0.10, 0.33, or 1.0 µg of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and admixed with saline or 250 or 500 µg of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) prior to injection, then assessed for safety and humoral response. In Phase 2, 145 subjects were randomized to one of three formulations defined by incubation with the same three quantities of spike protein without GM-CSF, then assessed for safety and cellular response. Vaccines were successfully manufactured for every subject at point-of-care. Approximately 46.4% of subjects had a grade 1 adverse event (AE); 6.5% had a grade 2 AE. Among 169 evaluable subjects, there were no acute allergic, grade 3 or 4, or serious AE. In Phase 1, anti-receptor binding domain antibodies were increased in 70% of subjects on day-28. In Phase 2, in the 127 subjects who did not have high levels of gamma interferon-producing cells at baseline, 94.4% had increased by day 14 and 96.8% by day 28. Point-of-care personal vaccine manufacturing was feasible. Further development of such subject-specific vaccines is warranted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an extremely contagious illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; Borges do Nascimento et al., 2021 ; Aimrane et al., 2022 ; Al-Awwal et al., 2022 ). Recent evidence indicates over 430 million cases and 5.92 million deaths worldwide ( Al-Awwal et al., 2022 ). The early disease recognition of COVID-19 is crucial not only for the prompt diagnosis and treatment of patients, but also for effective public health surveillance, containment, and response ( Borges do Nascimento et al., 2021 ; Aimrane et al., 2022 ; Al-Awwal et al., 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent evidence indicates over 430 million cases and 5.92 million deaths worldwide ( Al-Awwal et al., 2022 ). The early disease recognition of COVID-19 is crucial not only for the prompt diagnosis and treatment of patients, but also for effective public health surveillance, containment, and response ( Borges do Nascimento et al., 2021 ; Aimrane et al., 2022 ; Al-Awwal et al., 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a high-sensitivity and short-duration fluorescence in situ hybridization method for viral mRNA detection in HEK 293T cells

Wang²,

Uddin³

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an extremely contagious illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Early disease recognition of COVID-19 is crucial not only for prompt diagnosis and treatment of the patients, but also for effective public health surveillance and response. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the most common method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral mRNA and is regarded as the gold standard test for COVID-19. However, this test and those for antibodies (IgM and IgG) and antigens have certain limitations (e.g., by yielding false-negative and false-positive results). We have developed an RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method for high-sensitivity detection of SARS-CoV-2 mRNAs in HEK 293T cell cultures as a model. After transfection of HEK 293T cells with plasmids, Spike (S)/envelope (E) proteins and their mRNAs were clearly detected inside the cells. In addition, hybridization time could be reduced to 2 hours for faster detection when probe concentration was increased. Our approach might thus significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity of SARS-CoV-2 detection and be widely applied for the high-sensitivity single-molecular detection of other RNA viruses (e.g., Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Hepatitis A virus, all influenza viruses, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)) in various types of samples including tissue, body fluid, blood, and water. RNA FISH can also be utilized for the detection of DNA viruses (e.g., Monkeypox virus, human papillomavirus (HPV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV)) by detection of their mRNAs inside cells or body fluid.

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A Review of SARS-CoV-2 Disease (COVID-19): Pandemic in Our Time

Cited by 33 publications

References 94 publications

Patient Management in the Emergency Department during a COVID-19 Pandemic

Patient Management in the Emergency Department during a COVID-19 Pandemic

A personal COVID-19 dendritic cell vaccine made at point-of-care: Feasibility, safety, and antigen-specific cellular immune responses

Development of a high-sensitivity and short-duration fluorescence in situ hybridization method for viral mRNA detection in HEK 293T cells

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