A review of selected Arboviruses during pregnancy

Marinho, Penélope Saldanha; Cunha, Antônio José Lêdo Alves da; Amim, Joffre; Prata‐Barbosa, Arnaldo

doi:10.1186/s40748-017-0054-0

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…A small number of viruses are transmitted from mother to fetus, showing the effectiveness of the hemochorial barrier against these infections (Marinho et al, 2017). However, the mechanisms by which the viruses overcome the placental barrier is still uncertain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yellow Fever Vaccination in a Mouse Model Is Associated With Uninterrupted Pregnancies and Viable Neonates Except When Administered at Implantation Period

et al. 2020

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The potential risk of yellow fever (YF) infection in unvaccinated pregnant women has aroused serious concerns. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the YF vaccine during gestation using a mouse model, analyzing placental structure, immunolocalization of the virus antigen, and viral activity at the maternal-fetal barrier and in the maternal liver and fetus. The YF vaccine (17DD) was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 2.0 log 10 PFU to CD-1 mice on gestational days (gd) 0.5, 5.5, and 11.5 (n = 5-10/group). The control group received sterile saline (n = 5-10/group). Maternal liver, implantation sites with fetus, and placentas were collected on gd18.5. The numbers of implantation sites, reabsorbed embryos, and stillborn fetuses were counted, and placentas and live fetuses were weighed. Tissues (placenta, fetuses, and liver) of vaccinated pregnant mice on gd5.5 (n = 15) were paraffin-embedded in 10% bufferedformalin and collected in TRIzol for immunolocalization of YF vaccine virus and PCR, respectively. PCR products were also subjected to automated sequence analysis. Fetal growth restriction (p < 0.0001) and a significant decrease in fetal viability (p < 0.0001) occurred only when the vaccine was administered on gd5.5. In stillbirths, the viral antigen was consistently immunolocalized at the maternal-fetal barrier and in fetal organs, suggesting a transplacental transfer. In stillbirths, RNA of the vaccine virus was also detected by reverse transcriptase-PCR indicating viral activity in the maternal liver and fetal tissues. In conclusion, the findings of this study in the mouse suggest that vaccination did not cause adverse outcomes with respect to fetal development except when administered during the early gestational stage, indicating the implantation period as a susceptible period in which the YF vaccine virus might interfere with pregnancy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yellow Fever Vaccination in a Mouse Model Is Associated With Uninterrupted Pregnancies and Viable Neonates Except When Administered at Implantation Period

et al. 2020

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“…Pregnant women carry a particularly high risk for ZIKV and other arbovirus-related complications [10], [11], [12]. Importantly, the capacity of the virus to infect trophoblasts, Hofbauer macrophages and endothelial cells [1], [13], thus allowing it to infect the fetus at any stage of growth, challenges the protective function of the placenta in the materno-fetal interface [14],[15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antiparasitic drug atovaquone inhibits arbovirus replication through the depletion of intracellular nucleotides.

Kottkamp

Jesus

Grande

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Arthropod-borne viruses represent a significant public health threat worldwide yet there are few antiviral therapies or prophylaxis targeting these pathogens. In particular, the development of novel antivirals for high-risk populations such as pregnant women is essential to prevent devastating disease such as that which was experienced with the recent outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas. One potential avenue to identify new and pregnancy friendly antiviral compounds is to repurpose well-known and widely used FDA approved drugs. In this study, we addressed the antiviral role of atovaquone, a FDA Pregnancy Category C drug and pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitor used for the prevention and treatment of parasitic infections. We found that atovaquone was able to inhibit ZIKV and chikungunya virus virion production in human cells and that this antiviral effect occurred early during infection at the initial steps of viral RNA replication. Moreover, we were able to complement viral replication and virion production with the addition of exogenous pyrimidine nucleosides indicating that atovaquone is functioning through the inhibition of the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway to inhibit viral replication. Finally, using an ex vivo human placental tissue model, we found that atovaquone could limit ZIKV infection in a dose-dependent manner providing evidence that atovaquone may function as an antiviral in humans. Taken together, these studies suggest that atovaquone could be a broad-spectrum antiviral drug and a potential attractive candidate for the prophylaxis or treatment of arbovirus infection in vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women.

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“…The latter has been recognised particularly with ZIKV and Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus infections, as summarised in Table 1, and in recent reviews 1,2 .…”

Section: Effects On the Fetus And Newbornmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Marinho et al 2 ). Many arboviruses are zoonotic but there appear to be few parallels between the effect of these viruses following human or animal infection during pregnancy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher rates of MTCT (mother to child transmission) may be seen (1) where herd immunity is reduced, either because virus is newly introduced into a population (as occurred in Brazil with ZIKV), or where the virus has only recently become endemic (as occurred with West Nile virus (WNV) in the USA in the 1990s), (2) where the arthropod vector is present, (3) where the vector transmits virus efficiently, and (4) in groups of pregnant women exposed, allowing …”

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confidence: 99%

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Arboviruses in pregnancy: consequences of maternal and fetal infection

Rawlinson¹

2018

Microbiol. Aust.

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Epidemics and localised outbreaks of infections due to arthropod borne (arbo) viruses, have been described for hundreds of years. Few viruses to date are known to transmit from mother to fetus, causing either teratogenic effects or fetal demise (see recent reviews Charlier et al. Effects on the fetus and newbornIt remains uncertain whether arboviral infection causes fetal damage through direct fetal infection when it occurs, and/or as a result of placental dysfunction causing fetal damage through malnutrition and reduced function, as occurs in other congenital infections 12,13 .The fetal and neonatal disease caused by arbovirus infection includes fetal demise, premature birth, and neurodevelopmental defects from viral teratogenicity. The latter has been recognised particularly with ZIKV and Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus infections, as summarised in Table 1, and in recent reviews 1,2 .Ross River Virus infection may cause fetal infection, although it is uncertain if fetal disease results [14][15][16] . DENV is the most common arboviral infection globally, and is associated with severe illness in utero, including premature birth (21% versus background rate 11.5%), and miscarriage particularly during the first trimester (T1), and fetal death (13% versus background in utero death rate of 1.8%) 11. .

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A review of selected Arboviruses during pregnancy

Cited by 26 publications

References 65 publications

Yellow Fever Vaccination in a Mouse Model Is Associated With Uninterrupted Pregnancies and Viable Neonates Except When Administered at Implantation Period

Yellow Fever Vaccination in a Mouse Model Is Associated With Uninterrupted Pregnancies and Viable Neonates Except When Administered at Implantation Period

The antiparasitic drug atovaquone inhibits arbovirus replication through the depletion of intracellular nucleotides.

Arboviruses in pregnancy: consequences of maternal and fetal infection

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