A review of selected small specimen test techniques for identifying deformation and failure properties of metallic materials

Wang, Xiaorui; Zhu, Tao; Zhang, Jingke; Ding, Haoxu; Xiao, Shoune; Lu, Liantao; Yang, Bing; Yang, Guangwu

doi:10.1007/s10853-022-07973-4

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 251 publications

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“…The analysis of the results presented in Tables 1-8 indicates differences in the tensile properties of sub-sized specimens compared to standard specimens. In general, small specimens can retain the same mechanical characteristics as conventional specimens if there are similarities in the geometry and dimensions of structural elements (grains, grain boundaries, second phase, inclusions), deformation mode and stress state during loading, specimen geometry, test fixtures, and clamps [55].…”

Section: Sub-sized Test Specimens With 3 MM Gauge Diametermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies focused on developing small specimen test techniques (SSTTs) [53,54] that are not limited only to AMed materials to reduce the material and time consumption as much as possible. The SSTs can achieve good consistency with the conventional test and are divided into three categories: similarity (small tensile test-STT and small compression test-SCT), penetration (small punch beam test-SPT and small shear), and semi-penetration (indentation test-IT) [55]. According to Karthik et al [56], the miniature specimen mechanical testing technology was first used for the material testing of nuclear and non-nuclear industries, the welding industry, and micro-and nanodevices and is defined as a method used to assess the mechanical behaviour of materials using specimens that are considerably smaller than the standard specimen size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Additive Manufactured IN 625’s Tensile Strength Based on Nonstandard Specimens

et al. 2023

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The study aimed to evaluate the tensile strength of additively manufactured (AMed) IN 625 using sub-sized test pieces and compare them to standard specimens. Cylindrical round coupons of varying diameters were manufactured along the Z-axis using the laser powder bed fusion technique and subjected to heat treatment. The simulation of the alloy solidification predicted the formation of several intermetallics and carbides under equilibrium conditions (slow cooling), apart from the γ phase (FCC). Sub-sized tensile specimens with different gauge diameters were machined from the coupons and tensile tested at ambient temperature. The results showed that sub-sized specimens exhibited lower tensile and yield strengths compared to standard specimens, but still higher than the minimum requirements of the relevant ASTM standard for AMed IN 625. The lower strength was attributed to the “size effect” of the test specimens. Fracture surfaces of the sub-sized test specimens exhibit a mixed character, combining cleavage and microvoid coalescence, with improved ductility compared to standard test pieces. The study highlights the importance of adapting characterization methods to the particularities of manufactured parts, including reduced thicknesses that make sampling standard-size specimens impractical. It concludes that sub-sized specimens are valuable for quality control and verifying compliance with requirements of AMed IN 625 tensile properties.

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Section: Sub-sized Test Specimens With 3 MM Gauge Diametermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Additive Manufactured IN 625’s Tensile Strength Based on Nonstandard Specimens

et al. 2023

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“…(ii) research and development of new materials, e.g., mechanical properties of nanomaterials, composites and precious metals; (iii) local-region mechanical properties analysis and damage behavior prediction of heterogeneous structures, e.g., heat-affected zones in weld joints and single-phase properties of multi-phase structures in steels; (iv) mesoand micro-scale mechanical behaviors, e.g., gradient materials, thin-film materials, biological materials, and microscopic devices. The schematic geometries of various small-sized specimens are shown from macro-to nano-scales in Figure 2 [25].…”

Section: Application Of Small-size Sample Tensile Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the ratio of thickness to the grain size of flat samples should not be less than 5-10 [29]. The minimum sizes of thickness and gauge length were recommended as 0.2 mm and 2 mm, respectively [25,30]. Small-sized specimens with different parallel lengths are shown in Figure 3, and they cover almost all possible options for the reduced aspect ratio (1:1 to 5:1) [31].…”

Section: Application Of Small-size Sample Tensile Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Characterization on Hydrogen Embrittlement by Micro-Sample Testing Methods

Tao,

Zhou,

Miao

et al. 2023

Metals

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Conventional-sized specimens have been well and widely applied in research on hydrogen embrittlement. However, when the limited-size core components (nozzles and valves, etc.) of hydrogen energy equipment are evaluated for service damage, traditional testing with conventional-sized samples is no longer applicable and micro-sample testing methods are required. In this paper, recent progress in the characterization of hydrogen embrittlement achieved via a small-sized sample tensile test, small punch test and nanoindentation test is reviewed. The commonly used geometries and dimensions of various small-sized specimens are first described and the in situ hydrogen-containing environment testing cases equipped with small-sized specimens are presented, proving the advantages of direct observations of hydrogen influences on the mechanical property and microstructure evolution. Then, the quantitative analysis of hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity involving a small punch test is discussed, with a focus on the comparisons of the hydrogen embrittlement index calculated using different definition methods. Finally, the nanoindentation test of investigation on the interaction between hydrogen and dislocation in metals and the effect of indentation strain rate are summarized. Furthermore, the specific research directions and applications of micro-size specimens for further investigation on hydrogen embrittlement are identified.

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“…High-throughput testing is employed in materials research for screening a high number of experimental conditions, which involves minimal sample preparation, reduced sample volumes, high automatization, parallelization of measurements, and miniature specimens [1]. Regarding miniaturized techniques, several have been reported for mechanical property characterization [2,3], though not all of them are standardized. This lack of standardization causes difficulties when comparing and interpreting the results in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Punch Test on Jominy Bars for High-Throughput Characterization of Quenched and Tempered Steel

Miguel,

Berriozabalgoitia,

Artola

et al. 2023

Metals

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Studying the effect of quench and tempering heat treatments on steel, more specifically screening the effect of the austenitizing, quenching, and tempering conditions on mechanical properties, can be extremely material- and time-consuming when standard tensile testing specimens are employed. Jominy bar end quench testing has been used as a standard method to reduce the resources that are required for this type of screening. Jominy bar testing by itself shows, though, the limitation of yielding only hardness and microstructure as a result. In the last few years, the small punch test (SPT) standard has been developed. This technique can obtain an estimation of tensile mechanical properties with miniaturized specimens, which can be dissected from Jominy bars. The paper proposes a new testing methodology for screening the outcome of heat treatment conditions by combining the Jominy bar testing and SPT. Quench and tempering of API 5L X65Q pipe steel is used as a case study to describe the proposed methodology. The ability of the Jominy with SPT to detect variations in the mechanical properties produced by heat treatments is shown. This methodology can be directly applied as a high-throughput testing approach in the optimization of heat treatments.

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A review of selected small specimen test techniques for identifying deformation and failure properties of metallic materials

Cited by 8 publications

References 251 publications

Assessment of Additive Manufactured IN 625’s Tensile Strength Based on Nonstandard Specimens

Assessment of Additive Manufactured IN 625’s Tensile Strength Based on Nonstandard Specimens

Review of Characterization on Hydrogen Embrittlement by Micro-Sample Testing Methods

Small Punch Test on Jominy Bars for High-Throughput Characterization of Quenched and Tempered Steel

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