A review of smart contract-based platforms, applications, and challenges

Sharma, Pratima; Jindal, Rajni; Borah, Malaya Dutta

doi:10.1007/s10586-021-03491-1

Cited by 49 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…A smart contract is a specialized program designed to enforce predetermined conditions established by participants within a network. The fundamental role of a smart contract is centred on initiating and overseeing the ledger state within a blockchain framework [ 31 , 32 ]. This responsibility is fulfilled through the processing of transactions submitted by users.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing Data Concealment in NFTs: A Steganographic Model for Confidential Cross-Border Information Exchange

Al-Sumaidaee,

Žilić

2024

Sensors

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In an era dominated by rapid digitalization of sensed data, the secure exchange of sensitive information poses a critical challenge across various sectors. Established techniques, particularly in emerging technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), grapple with inherent risks in ensuring data confidentiality, integrity, and vulnerabilities to evolving cyber threats. Blockchain technology, known for its decentralized and tamper-resistant characteristics, stands as a reliable solution for secure data exchange. However, the persistent challenge lies in protecting sensitive information amidst evolving digital landscapes. Among the burgeoning applications of blockchain technology, non-fungible tokens (NFTs) have emerged as digital certificates of ownership, securely recording various types of data on a distributed ledger. Unlike traditional data storage methods, NFTs offer several advantages for secure information exchange. Firstly, their tamperproof nature guarantees the authenticity and integrity of the data. Secondly, NFTs can hold both immutable and mutable data within the same token, simplifying management and access control. Moving beyond their conventional association with art and collectibles, this paper presents a novel approach that utilizes NFTs as dynamic carriers for sensitive information. Our solution leverages the immutable NFT data to serve as a secure data pointer, while the mutable NFT data holds sensitive information protected by steganography. Steganography embeds the data within the NFT, making them invisible to unauthorized eyes, while facilitating portability. This dual approach ensures both data integrity and authorized access, even in the face of evolving digital threats. A performance analysis confirms the approach’s effectiveness, demonstrating its reliability, robustness, and resilience against attacks on hidden data. This paves the way for secure data transmission across diverse industries.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing Data Concealment in NFTs: A Steganographic Model for Confidential Cross-Border Information Exchange

Al-Sumaidaee,

Žilić

2024

Sensors

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“…The process of creating a smart contract involves writing code, converting it into bytecode, and then distributing this bytecode across the nodes in the Blockchain network. Furthermore, a smart contract has a lifecycle that encompasses the process of accessing a deployed smart contract on the Blockchain network through calls [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Smart Contractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated Over-the-Top Service Copyright Distribution Management System Using the Open Digital Rights Language

Son,

Kwon,

et al. 2024

Electronics

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As the demand and diversity of digital content increase, consumers now have simple and easy access to digital content through Over-the-Top (OTT) services. However, the rights of copyright holders remain unsecured due to issues with illegal copying and distribution of digital content, along with unclear practices in copyright royalty settlements and distributions. In response, this paper proposes an automated OTT service copyright distribution management system using the Open Digital Rights Language (ODRL) to safeguard the rights of copyright holders in the OTT service field. The proposed system ensures that the rights to exercise copyright transactions and agreements, such as trading of copyright, can only be carried out when all copyright holders of a single digital content agree based on the Threshold Schnorr Digital Signature. This approach takes into account multiple joint copyright holders, thereby safeguarding their rights. Furthermore, it ensures fair and transparent distribution of copyright royalties based on the ratio information outlined in ODRL. From the user’s perspective, the system not only provides services proactively based on the rights information specified in ODRL, but also employs zero-knowledge proof technology to handle sensitive information in OTT service copyright distribution, thereby addressing existing privacy concerns. This approach not only considers joint copyright holders, but also demonstrates its effectiveness in resolving prevalent issues in current OTT services, such as illegal digital content replication and distribution, and the unfair settlement and distribution of copyright royalties. Applying this proposed system to the existing OTT services and digital content market is expected to lead to the revitalization of the digital content trading market and the establishment of an OTT service environment that guarantees both vitality and reliability.

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“…After compilation is finished in the EVM compiler, they can be uploaded to a blockchain network via an Ethereum client. e execution of smart contracts requires no participation of intermediaries or manpower, thus saving time and cost; smart contracts have higher computing efficiency and accuracy; and they cannot be reversed once automatically executed, thus offering higher transaction security [21,22]. ⑤ Application layer: the application layer of blockchain can achieve good scalability through the distributed application (DApp) and application program interface (API).…”

Section: Consortium Blockchainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Border Credit Information Sharing Mechanism and Legal Countermeasures Based on Blockchain 3.0

Liu

Dong

Meng

2022

Mobile Information Systems

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The development of new technologies drives the digital transformation of the credit reporting industry and also brings new opportunities for cross-border credit reporting cooperation. This study focuses on a cross-border credit information sharing platform based on blockchain 3.0 and its legal guarantee, with an aim to promote the integrated development of credit reporting across the Taiwan Straits. This study first points out the difficulties of cross-border credit information sharing; second, the technical characteristics of blockchain such as distributed storage, point-to-point transmission, security and credibility, open source, and programmability are naturally suitable for solving the information sharing problems in the credit reporting industry. So, this study proposes a framework and a specific design of a cross-strait credit information sharing platform based on blockchain 3.0 infrastructure; finally, in order to ensure the smooth operation of the platform, this study suggests signing a series of nonnormative “soft law” documents in the principles of equality, willingness, and consultation to provide legal guarantee for cross-border credit sharing.

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A review of smart contract-based platforms, applications, and challenges

Cited by 49 publications

References 139 publications

Sensing Data Concealment in NFTs: A Steganographic Model for Confidential Cross-Border Information Exchange

Sensing Data Concealment in NFTs: A Steganographic Model for Confidential Cross-Border Information Exchange

Automated Over-the-Top Service Copyright Distribution Management System Using the Open Digital Rights Language

Cross-Border Credit Information Sharing Mechanism and Legal Countermeasures Based on Blockchain 3.0

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