A review of somaclonal variation in plantain (<i>Musa</i> spp): mechanisms and applications

Abstract

Micropropagation or tissue culture is an integral component of applied biotechnology, and is routinely used in different laboratories worldwide. Plant tissue has contributed immensely in large-scale production of resistant and pest free plantlets, germplasm exchange and conservation. A common feature of in vitro-regenerated plants is the potential of genetic variation generated during tissue culture called somaclonal variation, which can be passed onto progeny. Objective: This paper reviews the factors responsible for this phenomenon, its occurrence in some crops, with emphasis on banana and plantain and its application in the genetic improvement of Musa.

Micropropagation and Assessment of Genetic Stability of Musa sp. cv. Williams using RAPD and SRAP Markers.

“…However, RAPD generate monomorphic bands with no polymorphism. The low polymorphism % detected by SRAP may possibly due to repeated subculturing up to seven as reported in earlier studies (Nwauzoma &Jaja, 2013 andSafarpour et al, 2017). The rate of genetic variation induced in the current study is seemingly less than previously reported for banana shoot meristem cultures of 0-70% polymorphism (Smith, 1988 andVuylsteke et al, 1991).…”

Somaclonal variations and their applications in horticultural crops improvement

“…External factors like growth regulators, temperature, light, osmolarity and agitation rate of the culture medium are known to influence the cell cycle in vivo in plants, considerably, which indicates that inadequate control of cell cycle in vitro is one of the causes of somaclonal variation (Karp 1994; Nwauzoma and Jaja 2013). Normal cell cycle controls, which prevent cell division before the completion of DNA replication, are presumed to be disrupted by tissue culture, resulting in chromosomal breakage (Phillips et al 1994).…”

“…Among factors affecting somaclonal variation, plant genotype is probably the most important determinant of variation (Shen et al 2007; Tican et al 2008; Nwauzoma and Jaja 2013). Earlier, Eeuwens et al (2002) characterized oil palm clones as low/moderate risk and high risk with regard to ‘mantle’ flowering (wherein anther primordia in both male and female flowers turn into fleshy supplementary carpels), on the basis of terminal inflorescence data generated under in vitro conditions.…”

“…Several bases for somaclonal variation have been proposed, which include changes in chromosome number (Mujib et al 2007; Leva et al 2012), point mutations (D’Amato 1985; Ngezahayo et al 2007), somatic crossing over and sister chromatid exchange (Duncan 1997; Bairu et al 2011), chromosome breakage and rearrangement (Czene and Harms-Ringdahl 1995; Alvarez et al 2010), somatic gene rearrangement, DNA amplification (Karp 1995; Tiwari et al 2013), changes in organelle DNA (Cassells and Curry 2001; Bartoszewski et al 2007), DNA methylation (Guo et al 2007; Linacero et al 2011), epigenetic variation (Kaeppler et al 2000; Guo et al 2006; Smulders and de Klerk 2011), histone modifications and RNA interference (Miguel and Marum 2011), segregation of pre-existing chimeral tissue (Brar and Jain 1998; Vázquez 2001; Ravindra et al 2012; Nwauzoma and Jaja 2013) and insertion or excision of transposable elements (Gupta 1998; Sato et al 2011b). In particular, transposable elements are one of the causes of genetic rearrangements in in vitro culture (Hirochika et al 1996; Sato et al 2011a).…”

Optimization of in vitro multiplication for exotic banana (Musa spp.) in Pakistan

“…Such variation commonly occur in both in vitro and in vivo propagated Musa and had both positive and negative impact. Sometimes these variations create major obstacle for clonal uniformity (Nwauzoma and Jaja, 2013) but also exploited as source of genetic improvement of vegetatively propagated crops.…”