A review of stability test methods for gun and mortar propellants, II: Stability testing and surveillance

Optimization of Headspace Solid‐Phase Microextraction Technique for Extraction of Volatile Smokeless Powder Compounds in Forensic Applications

“…When NC is used alone, it is referred to as single‐base smokeless powder. NC is sensitive to physical treatments such as sparks and shock . Double‐base powders are composed of NC together with a lesser quantity of nitroglycerine (NG).…”

Determination of diphenylamine and its mono-derivatives in single-base gun propellants during aging by high performance liquid chromatography

“…The sample preparation procedure is based on the following: if the extraction time extends from 48 to 72 hours, the content of N-nitroso-DPA is reduced significantly and a higher content of DPA occurs [6]; injection of dichloromethane in amounts larger than 2 pL tends to interfere with reversed phase separations [7,8]; in order to avoid this problem, dichloromethane was evaporated and replaced with acetonitrile; dichloromethane was evaporated at 45 ~ this temperature is necessary to assure evaporation of dichloromethane and to avoid the problems associated with decomposition of thermically unstable derivatives of DPA [5,6]; although methanol is often used in propellants composition analyses [8,9], in this work dichloromethane was replaced by acetonitrile because it did not tend to interfere with reversed phase separations and was also used as a part of the mobile phase.…”

“…Different instrumental methods have been applied to determine the content of the stabilizer and its derivatives in propellants. Gas chromatography was once used as a leading method for determining the stabilizer content in propellants [5]. However, the limitation of this GC method is the inability to separate diphenylamine and its main derivative N-nitroso-DPA which is thermally decomposed, completely or partially, into DPA [6] in the gas chromatograph inlet port.…”

Development of a smokeless powder reference material for propellant and explosives analysis

“…In a comparison of measurements made by 20 laboratories on two powder samples, thin layer chromatography (TLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and liquid chromatography (LC) were among the approaches employed [6,7]. However, some disagreements in determining the additive content of the powders were found [8].…”