A review of step-scheme photocatalysts

Wang, Xiao-Nong; Sayed, Mahmoud; Ruzimuradov, Olim; Zhang, Jingyan; Fan, Yisong; Li, Xiaoxia; Bai, Xiujun; Low, Jingxiang

doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101609

Cited by 37 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 303 publications

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“…It should be noted here that the slight shift in the peak positions of C 1s XPS spectra of the CdCNS/CdS composite, further confirm the efficient charge carrier migration between CdCNS and CdS. 29 For the high-resolution S 2p XPS spectra (Fig. 4d), both the CdCNS/CdS400 and 1% NiS-CdCNS/CdS400 show two peaks at 161.33 and 162.43 eV, attributed to S 2p 3/2 and S 2p 1/2 of CdS, respectively.…”

Section: Jingxiang Lowsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…[23][24][25][26][27] In contrast to conventional heterojunction systems, the S-scheme heterojunction can optimize the redox capability of the composite system while facilitating photogenerated charge carriers. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Specifically, in such a heterojunction system, the photogenerated electrons with a weak reduction capability in oxidation photocatalysts can be eliminated by the photogenerated holes with a weak oxidation capability in reduction photocatalysts, preserving the photogenerated charge carrier with a strong redox capability for photocatalytic reactions. 35 For example, Tsubaki and co-workers reported that the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of the MoP@MoO 3 S-scheme heterojunction reached 10 mmol g −1 h −1 , which is ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface-active site modulation of the S-scheme heterojunction toward exceptional photocatalytic performance

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Nanoscale

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Section: Jingxiang Lowsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-active site modulation of the S-scheme heterojunction toward exceptional photocatalytic performance

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Nanoscale

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“…Thus, numerous composite catalysts were exploited by means of elemental doping, loading cocatalysts, and building heterojunctions, where electron transfer (ET) plays an imperative role in promoting the catalytic performance. 15,16,[22][23][24][25][26] ET tends to proceed at interfaces of multicomponent catalysts stemming from the intrinsic difference of work function (W), Fermi energy level (E f ), and electronegativity that contribute to the driving forces (see below). Components serve as either electron donors or acceptors and boost catalytic efficiency by (i) tuning the electron structure of metal catalysts and (ii) building an internal electric field (BIEF) at the heterojunction of photocatalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron transfer in heterojunction catalysts

Zhang

Lin

Liu

2023

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…Up to now, the various S-scheme heterojunctions have been developed and utilized to convert solar energy into usable chemical fuels to decrease the use of fossil fuels, and the Sscheme heterojunctions can also be used to degrade the pollutants to reduce the harmful impact on environment associated with the consumption of fossil fuels (Fig. 2), including hydrogen evolution [31][32][33] , degradation pollutant [34][35][36] , reduction of CO2 [37][38][39] , H2O2 production 40,41 and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of S-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalyst for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Production

Zhang¹,

Li²,

Yuan³

et al. 2023

Acta Physico Chimica Sinica

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Rapid industrialization throughout the 20th and 21st centuries has led to the excessive consumption of fossil fuels to satisfy global energy demands. The dominant use of these fuel sources is the main cause of the ever-increasing environmental issues that greatly threaten humanity. Therefore, the development of renewable energy sources is fundamental to solving environmental issues. Solar energy has received widespread attention over the past decades as a green and sustainable energy source. Solar radiation-induced photocatalytic processes on the surface of semiconductor materials are able to convert solar energy into other energy sources for storage and further applications. However, the preparation of highly efficient and stable photocatalysts remains challenging. Recently, a new step-scheme (S-scheme) carrier migration mechanism was reported that solves the drawbacks of carrier migration in conventional heterojunction photocatalysts. The S-scheme heterojunction not only effectively solves the carrier migration problem and achieves fast separation but also preserves the powerful redox abilities and improves the catalytic performance of the photocatalytic system. To date, various S-scheme heterojunctions have been developed and employed to convert solar energy into useful chemical fuels to decrease the reliance on fossil fuels. Furthermore, these systems can also be used to degrade pollutants and reduce the harmful impact on the environment associated with the consumption of fossil fuels, including H2 evolution, pollutant degradation, and the reduction of CO2. H2O2 has been used as an effective, multipurpose, and green oxidizing agent in many applications including pollutant purification, medical disinfection, and chemical synthesis. It has also been used as a high-density energy carrier for fuel cells, with only water and oxygen produced as by-products. Photocatalytic technology provides a low-cost, environmentally friendly, and safe way to produce H2O2, requiring only solar energy, H2O, and O2 gas as raw materials. This paper reviews new S-scheme heterojunction designs for photocatalytic H2O2 production, including g-C3N4-, sulfide-, TiO2-, and ZnO-based S-scheme heterojunctions. The main principles of photocatalytic H2O2 production and the formation mechanism of the S-scheme heterojunction are also discussed. In addition, effective advanced characterization methods for S-scheme heterojunctions have been analyzed. Finally, the challenges that need to be addressed and the direction of future research are identified to provide new methods for the development of high-performance photocatalysts for H2O2 production.

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A review of step-scheme photocatalysts

Cited by 37 publications

References 303 publications

Surface-active site modulation of the S-scheme heterojunction toward exceptional photocatalytic performance

Surface-active site modulation of the S-scheme heterojunction toward exceptional photocatalytic performance

Electron transfer in heterojunction catalysts

Review of S-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalyst for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Production

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