A review of strategies for the development of solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system

Abstract

Solid Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (S-SMEDDS) have emerged as a promising approach to enhance the oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of poorly water-soluble drugs. These formulations combine the advantages of SMEDDS, which improve drug solubility and dissolution, with the stability and convenience of solid dosage forms. S-SMEDDS are developed by converting liquid SMEDDS into solid forms through various techniques, including adsorption onto solid carriers, spray drying, and granulation. The adsorption method involves loading liquid SMEDDS onto porous carriers like silica, microcrystalline cellulose, or lactose. Upon contact with gastrointestinal fluids, the adsorbed SMEDDS rapidly disperses, forming a microemulsion that enhances drug solubility and absorption. Spray drying involves atomizing the liquid formulation into fine droplets and drying them using heated air to produce solid particles. Granulation involves agglomerating fine drug particles and excipients into granules, ensuring consistent component distribution and maintaining the amorphous or liquid state of the formulation. S-SMEDDS offer numerous advantages, including enhanced drug solubility, stability, patient adherence, formulation flexibility, and compatibility with existing manufacturing processes. These formulations find applications in enhancing oral bioavailability, controlled release formulations, tailored formulations for specific populations, improved stability, combination therapy, and repurposing of established drugs. Overall, S-SMEDDS have demonstrated potential in enhancing the solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs, offering a promising approach for improving therapeutic outcomes.