A Review of Surface Haptics: Enabling Tactile Effects on Touch Surfaces

Başdoğan, Çağatay; Giraud, Frédéric; Lévesque, Vincent; Choi, Seungmoon

doi:10.1109/toh.2020.2990712

Cited by 147 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…These motors differ in shapes and sizes, and the frequency of vibration depends on the input voltage. Nevertheless, the magnitude of vibration is constant [31], which limits the design of tactual patterns that are separated by intensity. Also, their stimuli-response times are relatively large when compared to similar actuators.…”

Section: Considerations Of Sss Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Cutaneous Perception Parameters for Designing Haptic Symbols towards Information Transfer

Nyasulu

Steyn

et al. 2021

Electronics

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Vibrotactile displays can substitute for sensory channels of individuals experiencing temporary or permanent impairments in balance, vision, or hearing, and can enhance the user experience in professional or entertainment situations. This massive range of potential uses necessitates primary research on human vibrotactile perception. One leading aspect to consider when developing such displays is how to develop haptic patterns or symbols to represent a concept. In most settings, individual patterns are sorted as alphabets of haptic symbols which formulate tactons. Tactons are structured and perceivable tactile patterns (i.e., messages) that transfer information to users by employing the sense of touch. Hence, haptic patterns are critical when designing vibrotactile displays, as they not only affect the rate of information transfer but also determine the design of the displays (e.g., the number and the placement of tactors engaged) and how the information is encoded to achieve separability. Due to this significance, this paper presents an overview study on the cutaneous perception parameters (i.e., intensity, loci, frequency, duration, illusions, and combinations of these) for designing haptic symbols to identify mutual best-practices and knowledge gaps for future work. The study also provides developers from different scientific backgrounds with access to complex notions when engaging this specialized topic (i.e., the use of cutaneous perception parameters towards information transfer). Finally, it offers recommendations on defining which parameters to engage for a specific task or pattern.

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Section: Considerations Of Sss Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Cutaneous Perception Parameters for Designing Haptic Symbols towards Information Transfer

Nyasulu

Steyn

et al. 2021

Electronics

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“…Surface haptic devices render virtual tactile feeling through force modulation, vibration localization or active forcing on interactive touch surfaces including cell phones, tablets, displays, and automotive operation panels. [ 3 ] Among these techniques, electroadhesion‐based friction force modulation [ 4,5 ] has been most successful in commercialization, with numerous patents being filed, companies founded and products released. As commercialization progresses, the electroadhesive surface haptic industry will experience increasing demand for lower product costs, higher energy efficiency, and increased robustness to variations person‐to‐person and in environmental and operating conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotexture Shape and Surface Energy Impact on Electroadhesive Human–Machine Interface Performance

Choi

et al. 2021

Advanced Materials

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With the ubiquity of touch screens and the commercialization of electroadhesion‐based surface haptic devices, modeling tools that capture the multiphysical phenomena within the finger–device interface and their interaction are critical to design devices that achieve higher performance and reliability at lower cost. While electroadhesion has successfully demonstrated the capability to change tactile perception through friction modulation, the mechanism of electroadhesion in the finger–device interface is still unclear, partly due to the complex interfacial physics including contact deformation, capillary formation, electric field, and their complicated coupling effects that have not been addressed comprehensively. A multiphysics model is presented here to predict the friction force for finger–surface tactile interactions at the nanoscale. The nanoscopic multiphysical phenomena are coupled to study the impacts of nanotexture and surface energy in the touch interface. With macroscopic friction force measurements as verification, the model is further used to propose textures that have maximum electroadhesion effect and minimum sensitivity to relative humidity and user perspiration rate. This model can guide the performance improvement of future electroadhesion‐based surface haptic devices and other touch‐based human–machine interfaces.

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“…Hence, electrovibration requires less power than methods that mechanically vibrate the screen to generate a tactile cue. Moreover, the electrostatic force occurs at the finger contact location, and hence it does not propagate vibration waves through the entire touchscreen or handheld device [1,3]. Overall, its fast, dynamic, high-bandwidth, highly scalable and noise-free performance [1] makes it a promising technology for future mobile phones, tablets, information displays and wearable devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finger motion and contact by a second finger influence the tactile perception of electrovibration

Vardar

Kuchenbecker

2021

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Electrovibration holds great potential for creating vivid and realistic haptic sensations on touchscreens. Ideally, a designer should be able to control what users feel independent of the number of fingers they use, the movements they make, and how hard they press. We sought to understand the perception and physics of such interactions by determining the smallest 125 Hz electrovibration voltage that 15 participants could reliably feel when performing four different touch interactions at two normal forces. The results proved for the first time that both finger motion and contact by a second finger significantly affect what the user feels. At a given voltage, a single moving finger experiences much larger fluctuating electrovibration forces than a single stationary finger, making electrovibration much easier to feel during interactions involving finger movement. Indeed, only about 30% of participants could detect the stimulus without motion. Part of this difference comes from the fact that relative motion greatly increases the electrical impedance between a finger and the screen, as shown via detailed measurements from one individual. By contrast, threshold-level electrovibration did not significantly affect the coefficient of kinetic friction in any conditions. These findings help lay the groundwork for delivering consistent haptic feedback via electrovibration.

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A Review of Surface Haptics: Enabling Tactile Effects on Touch Surfaces

Cited by 147 publications

References 147 publications

A Study of Cutaneous Perception Parameters for Designing Haptic Symbols towards Information Transfer

A Study of Cutaneous Perception Parameters for Designing Haptic Symbols towards Information Transfer

Nanotexture Shape and Surface Energy Impact on Electroadhesive Human–Machine Interface Performance

Finger motion and contact by a second finger influence the tactile perception of electrovibration

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