A Review of Text Watermarking: Theory, Methods, and Applications

Kamaruddin, Nurul Shamimi; Kamsin, Amirrudin; Por, Lip Yee; Rahman, Hameedur

doi:10.1109/access.2018.2796585

Cited by 92 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Researchers have significant challenges that information growth rate is higher, which requires an appropriate technique for watermarking. It is crucial to maintain data integrity while ensuring the confidentiality and availability of information [27]. However, with the practical development of the watermarking application, security issues of watermarking have emerged and achieved significant progress in this field [28].…”

Section: Digital Watermarkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Text Data Security and Privacy in the Internet of Things: Threats, Challenges, and Future Directions

Khadam

Iqbal

Alruily

et al. 2020

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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In our daily life, Internet-of-Things (IoT) is everywhere and used in many more beneficial functionalities. It is used in our homes, hospitals, fire prevention, and reporting and controlling the environmental changes. Data security is the crucial requirement for IoT since the number of recent technologies in different domains is increasing day by day. Various attempts have been made to cater the user’s demands for more security and privacy. However, a huge risk of security and privacy issues can arise among all those benefits. Digital document security and copyright protection are also important issues in IoT because they are distributed, reproduced, and disclosed with extensive use of communication technologies. The content of books, research papers, newspapers, legal documents, and web pages are based on plain text, and the ownership verification and authentication of such documents are essential. In the current domain of the Internet of Things, limited techniques are available for ownership verification and copyright protection. In the said perspective, this study includes the discussion about the approaches of text watermarking, IoT security challenges, IoT device limitations, and future research directions in the area of text watermarking.

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Section: Digital Watermarkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Text Data Security and Privacy in the Internet of Things: Threats, Challenges, and Future Directions

Khadam

Iqbal

Alruily

et al. 2020

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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“…Apart from whitespaces, homoglyphs ad invisible characters, some image based where lines or words are slightly shifted without altering the text content [52,53] have been also considered as structural methods [54].…”

Section: Structural Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We evaluate the robustness of our approach together with a set of recent structural watermarking techniques for comparison. No exact means are available to measure the general robustness of text watermarks [54]; however, it is possible to measure the robustness against different attacks. The following attacks are commonly considered in assessing the robustness of text watermarking methods.…”

Section: Robustnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine-grain watermarking for intellectual property protection

Rizzo

Bertini

Montesi

2019

EURASIP J. on Info. Security

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The current online digital world, consisting of thousands of newspapers, blogs, social media, and cloud file sharing services, is providing easy and unlimited access to a large treasure of text contents. Making copies of these text contents is simple and virtually costless. As a result, producers and owners of text content are interested in the protection of their intellectual property (IP) rights. Digital watermarking has become crucially important in the protection of digital contents. Out of all, text watermarking poses many challenges, since text is characterized by a low capacity to embed a watermark and allows only a restricted number of alternative syntactic and semantic permutations. This becomes even harder when authors want to protect not just a whole book or article, but each single sentence or paragraph, a problem well known to copyright law. In this paper, we present a fine-grain text watermarking method that protects even small portions of the digital content. The core method is based on homoglyph characters substitution for latin symbols and whitespaces. It allows to produce a watermarked version of the original text, preserving the anonymity of the users according to the right to privacy. In particular, the embedding and extraction algorithms allow to continuously protect the watermark through the whole document in a fine-grain fashion. It ensures visual indistinguishability and length preservation, meaning that it does not cause overhead to the original document, and it is robust to the copy and past of small excerpts of the text. We use a real dataset of 1.8 million New York articles to evaluate our method. We evaluate and compare the robustness against common attacks, and we propose a new measure for partial copy and paste robustness. The results show the effectiveness of our approach providing an average length of 101 characters needed to embed the watermark and allowing to protect paragraph-long excerpt or smaller the 94.5% of the times.

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“…The different types of DWM attacks are divided into four categories which are illustrated below in Fig. 6 [22];  Removal Attacks: The primary goal of the removal attacks is complete removal of the unique watermark signal without trying to break the watermark algorithm security. This category contains quantization, denoising, collusion, and re-modulation attacks.…”

Section: E Classifications Of Different Types Of Digital Watermarkinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Existing Trends of Digital Watermarking and its Significant Impact on Multimedia Streaming: A Survey

Kumari¹,

Vijaya²,

Naidu³

2019

ijacsa

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Nowadays digital media has reached the general level of resource sharing system and become a convenient way for sharing lots of information among various individuals. However, these digital data are stored and shared over an internet which is an entirely unsecured and most frequently attacked by several attackers, resulting in a massive loss at various parameters and creates severe issues of copyright protection, ownership protection, authentication, secure communication, etc. In recent years, digital watermarking technology has received extensive attention from users and researchers for content protection and digital data authentication. However, before implementing digital watermarking techniques in practical applications, there are still many problems that need to be solved technically and efficiently. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a detailed survey on current research techniques of digital watermarking techniques for all media formats with their applications and operational process. The prime objective of this manuscript is to reveal the research problem and the efficient requirement to implement robust watermarking technique after analyzing the progress of watermarking schemes and current research trend.

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A Review of Text Watermarking: Theory, Methods, and Applications

Cited by 92 publications

References 66 publications

Text Data Security and Privacy in the Internet of Things: Threats, Challenges, and Future Directions

Text Data Security and Privacy in the Internet of Things: Threats, Challenges, and Future Directions

Fine-grain watermarking for intellectual property protection

Existing Trends of Digital Watermarking and its Significant Impact on Multimedia Streaming: A Survey

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