A Review of the Aetiology and Consequences of Urinary Tract Infections in the Dog

Bush, B. M.

doi:10.1016/s0007-1935(17)34541-4

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…1,2,7,9,11 For the United States isolates, the MICs were similar to those seen for canine bacterial isolates from the same time period, tested against enrofloxacin. 17 Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Pasteurella spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

In Vitro Activity of Difloxacin against Canine Bacterial Isolates

Hoven

Wagenaar²,

Walker

2000

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract. The in vitro activity of difloxacin against canine bacterial isolates from clinical cases was studied in the United States and The Netherlands. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC), the postantibiotic effect, the effect of pH on antimicrobial activity, and the bacterial killing rate tests were determined according to standard techniques. The MICs of American and Dutch isolates agreed in general. The MICs of the American gram-negative isolates ranged from 0.06 to 2.0 g/ml, and the MICs of the Dutch gram-negative isolates ranged from 0.016 to 8.0 g/ml. A few European strains of Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae had relatively high MICs. Bordetella bronchiseptica also was less susceptible to difloxacin. The MICs of the American grampositive cocci ranged from 0.125 to 4.0 g/ml, and the MICs of Dutch isolates ranged from 0.125 to 2.0 g/ ml. Difloxacin induced a concentration-dependent postantibiotic effect that lasted 0.2-3 hours in cultures with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus intermedius, Streptococcus canis, Proteus spp., and Klebsiella pneumoniae. There was no postantibiotic effect observed against canine Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Decreasing the pH of the medium increased the MIC of Proteus mirabilis for difloxacin. The MICs of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were lowest at neutral pH and were slightly increased in acid or alkaline media. At a neutral pH, most tested bacterial species were killed at a difloxacin concentration of 4 times the MIC. Similar results were obtained when these same bacteria were tested against enrofloxacin. A Klebsiella pneumoniae strain in an acidic environment was readily killed at difloxacin or enrofloxacin MIC, but at neutral pH the drug concentration had to be raised to 4 times the MIC for a bactericidal effect. After 24 hours of incubation at pH 7.1, difloxacin and enrofloxacin had similar bactericidal activity for all bacteria tested except Staphylococcus intermedius. Against S. intermedius, difloxacin was more bactericidal than enrofloxacin.Difloxacin HCl is a difluorinated quinolone, 1-pfluorophenyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolone-carboxylic acid hydrochloride, marketed for use in veterinary medicine in the United States and Europe for the treatment of canine bacterial infections in the urinary tract, the respiratory tract, and the skin. Difloxacin is an amphoteric molecule with relatively nonpolar characteristics for a quinolone. 5 Difloxacin HCl is rapidly absorbed following oral administration. Like other fluoroquinolones, difloxacin exhibits bactericidal activity primarily by binding to the A subunit of bacterial DNA-gyrase. 5 However, there is also the possibility that difloxacin might also bind to and inhibit topoisomerase. 10 Difloxacin's potency against gram-negative bacteria is similar to that of orbifloxacin and enrofloxacin, 2 other fluorinated quinolones marketed for the treatment of canine bacterial infections. Difloxacin differs from Received for publication June 28, 1999. these 2 compounds by it...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

In Vitro Activity of Difloxacin against Canine Bacterial Isolates

Hoven

Wagenaar²,

Walker

2000

J VET Diagn Invest

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“…INTRODUCTION Bacterial infection of the urinary tract (UTI) occurs at some time during life in about 14% of all dogs (8). As a rule UTI is the result of ascending bacteria, while haematogenous infection rarely occurs (2).…”

Section: Original Papersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pipemidic acid, a new treatment for recurrent urinary tract infection in small animals

Oosterom¹,

Hartman²

1986

Veterinary Quarterly

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A new chemotherapeutic agent, pipemidic acid, was used to treat 14 dogs and 2 cats with recurrent urinary tract infection caused by multiresistent strains of Escherichia coli and Proteus spp. Bacterial culture of the urine after treatment revealed disappearance of the microorganisms in all patients. It is concluded that pipemidic acid is a promising chemotherapeutic agent for urinary tract infections caused by multiresistant E. coli and Proteus spp., with the condition that bacterial culture during the course of treatment is obligatory.

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“…Kedi ve köpeklerde üretral kateterizasyon üretradaki daralma veya tıkanma noktalarının belirlenmesi, tıkanmanın giderilmesi, idrar kesesi operasyonları ön-cesi ve sonrasında idrar akışının sağlanması, idrar analizleri için örnek alınması, idrar kesesine sistografı için k~ntrast madde veya çeşitli ilaçların verilmesi amacıyla uygulanmaktadır (3,7). Uretral kateterizasyonun bu diyagnostik ve terapö-tik amaçlı kullanımı esnasında üretra ve idrar kesesinde travmatik lezyon ve kanamalara, idrar kesesinin, üretra, prepisyum ve vaginada bulunan saprofit bakterilerle veya enfekte kateterlerle kontaminasyonuna neden olabileceği bildirilmektedir (5, ıo, ı3, ı4, 23,29).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Köpek ve kedilerde kateterizasyonun neden olduğu bakteriyel enfeksiyonları önlemek ve sağaltmak amacıyla çeşitli antibiyotikler değişik sürelerle kuııanıldığında enfeksiyon insidensinin düştüğü ve sağaıtırnın %50-95 başarılı olduğu bildirilmektedir (6,7,15). Yalnız bu tür uygulamalarda izole edilen bakterilerde antibiyotiğe karşı direnç oluştuğundan söz edilmektedir (3,12,32).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

KÖPEKLERDE ÜRETRAL KATETERİZASYONUN NEDEN .OLDUGU AŞAGI ÜRİN~~ SİŞT~M ENFEKSIYONLARıNDA AMOXICILLIN ILE SAGALTIM DENEMELERİ

Arif;KALINBACAK¹

1994

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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A Review of the Aetiology and Consequences of Urinary Tract Infections in the Dog

Cited by 21 publications

References 45 publications

In Vitro Activity of Difloxacin against Canine Bacterial Isolates

In Vitro Activity of Difloxacin against Canine Bacterial Isolates

Pipemidic acid, a new treatment for recurrent urinary tract infection in small animals

KÖPEKLERDE ÜRETRAL KATETERİZASYONUN NEDEN .OLDUGU AŞAGI ÜRİN~~ SİŞT~M ENFEKSIYONLARıNDA AMOXICILLIN ILE SAGALTIM DENEMELERİ

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