A Review of the Biological Activity of Amidrazone Derivatives

Abstract

Amidrazones are widely used in chemical synthesis, industry and agriculture. We compiled some of the most important findings on the biological activities of amidrazones described in the years 2010–2022. The data were obtained using the ScienceDirect, Reaxys and Google Scholar search engines with keywords (amidrazone, carbohydrazonamide, carboximidohydrazide, aminoguanidine) and structure strategies. Compounds with significant biological activities were included in the review. The described structures derived from amidrazones include: amidrazone derivatives; aminoguanidine derivatives; complexes obtained using amidrazones as ligands; and some cyclic compounds obtained from amidrazones and/or containing an amidrazone moiety in their structures. This review includes chapters based on compound activities, including: tuberculostatic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and antitumor compounds, as well as furin and acetylocholinesterase inhibitors. Detailed information on the compounds tested in vivo, along the mechanisms of action and toxicity of the selected amidrazone derivatives, are described. We describe examples of compounds that have a chance of becoming drugs due to promising preclinical or clinical research, as well as old drugs with new therapeutic targets (repositioning) which have the potential to be used in the treatment of other diseases. The described examples prove that amidrazone derivatives are a potential source of new therapeutic substances and deserve further research.

New Type of Neutral Binuclear Spin‐Crossover Complex of Iron(III) with Twist of Two Disulfide Bridges as a Product of Electrochemical Oxidation of [FeIII(5Cl‐thsa)2]− Anions

“…Such oxidation process which provides the formation of disulfide bonds has been observed previously using an electrochemical methodology for the synthesis of metal complexes with heterocyclic thione‐type ligands [18] . These processes highlight the versatility of thiosemicarbazone chains in the creation of new organic systems, what arose a keen interest in polynuclear SCO helicate compounds based on thsa‐type ligands [18–25] . Thus, in an electrochemical study of some Fe III complexes with thsa‐type ligands ( L ), Leovac et al.…”

“…Thus, the application of [Fe(5Cl‐thsa) 2 ] − anion in hybrid systems due to the peculiar magnetic properties such as multi‐step and high cooperative SCO effect may be interesting for creation of new materials for spintronics. When designing strongly cooperative complexes, the key point is to create a high efficiency of intermolecular contacts, and the simplest systems are polynuclear helicates and binuclear spin‐crossover complexes, the synthesis and study of which are the subject of researchers′ work [18–28] . However, the question of how to design strongly cooperative complexes has still not been answered satisfactorily.…”

“…When designing strongly cooperative complexes, the key point is to create a high efficiency of intermolecular contacts, and the simplest systems are polynuclear helicates and binuclear spin-crossover complexes, the synthesis and study of which are the subject of researchers' work. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] However, the question of how to design strongly cooperative complexes has still not been answered satisfactorily.…”

“…[18] These processes highlight the versatility of thiosemicarbazone chains in the creation of new organic systems, what arose a keen interest in polynuclear SCO helicate compounds based on thsa-type ligands. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Thus, in an electrochemical study of some Fe III complexes with thsatype ligands (L), Leovac et al suggested the existence of dimeric neutral complexes [Fe III (HL) 2 ][Fe III (L) 2 ] in a DMF solution. The composition and structure of the Fe III complexes have not been elucidated yet.…”

“…Our observations concerning oxidation of the thiosemicarbazone to disulfide derivative under electrochemical conditions can lead to a reinterpretation of the biological properties of some thiosemicarbazone systems. [22]…”