A Review of the Biology of the Green and Golden Bell Frog<i>Litoria aurea</i>

Pyke, Graham H.; White, Arthur W.

doi:10.7882/az.2001.003

Cited by 92 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

112

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The striped marsh frog Limnodynastes peronii is a common ground-dwelling species that co-occurs with L. aurea throughout much of its range but has not undergone a decline . Despite the different decline histories of these two species, they are similar in their ecologies, both being generalist species that are opportunistic lentic breeders (Pyke & White, 2001;Hamer, Lane & Mahony, 2007). Identifying differences in the outcome of exposure to B. dendrobatidis in these species at different life stages will contribute to understanding when exposure leads to disease and will provide the building blocks for predicting population declines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host species determines whether infection load increases beyond disease‐causing thresholds following exposure to the amphibian chytrid fungus

Stockwell

Clulow

Mahony

2010

Animal Conservation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduced pathogens are increasingly being implicated in population declines and their effects are difficult to manage. In the absence of methods to eradicate pathogens acting as threatening processes, intervention before population decline is necessary. Such an intervention requires an ability to predict when population declines will occur, and therefore, an understanding of when exposure will lead to infection, disease, death and population decline. This study investigates when pathogen exposure leads to disease for the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which has been implicated as a causal agent in the global amphibian decline. Susceptibility studies were conducted on two anuran species, the green and golden bell frog Litoria aurea and the striped marsh frog Limnodynastes peronii, when exposed to the fungus as either tadpoles or juveniles. Host species was found to significantly affect the outcome of exposure, with infection loads in L. aurea increasing over time and resulting in significantly lower survival rates than unexposed. By comparison, infection loads in L. peronii remained the same or decreased over time following the initial infection, and survival rates were no different whether exposed to B. dendrobatidis or not. These outcomes were independent of the life stage at exposure. Individuals with higher infection loads were not found to have lower survival rates; rather, an infection load threshold was identified where individuals with infection loads that crossed this threshold had high likelihoods of showing terminal signs of chytridiomycosis. Therefore, host species determined whether infection load crossed this threshold and the crossing of the threshold determined the incidence of disease and survival. The quantification of infection load thresholds for survival, along with the time it takes to reach them, will enable infection loads in wild populations to be related to the likelihood of disease and is the first step in the understanding and prediction of when exposure will result in population decline.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host species determines whether infection load increases beyond disease‐causing thresholds following exposure to the amphibian chytrid fungus

Stockwell

Clulow

Mahony

2010

Animal Conservation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore low temperatures increase the age of sexual maturity and consequently reduce reproductive output. Whether size or temperature was responsible for the maturation of males in the 28 C treatment is uncertain, as their SVL was the same as that shown in maturating males in nature (Pyke and White, 2001). Nevertheless, irrespective of whether maturation is determined by temperature or size, higher body temperatures through basking would allow L. aurea to shorten maturation time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Every 14 days the presence or absence on male frogs of a secondary sexual characteristic, the nuptial pad, was used to determine progress to sexual maturation. Frogs with a nuptial pad were considered mature and in breeding condition (Pyke and White, 2001).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Torpor in adults during mid-winter (JuneJuly), basking in air temperatures above 30 C (Pyke and White, 2001), and an optimum growth temperature above 22 C for tadpoles (Browne et al, 2003), suggest that in post metamorphic L. aurea low temperatures could adversely affect the physiological processes of growth and development or reduce foraging and food consumption. However, body temperatures above 22 C are not necessary for food consumption as nocturnal foraging occurs below 15 C (Browne pers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The effect of temperature on the growth and development of the endangered green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea)

Browne¹,

Edwards²

2003

Journal of Thermal Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Identified as a major threat to the breeding success of the Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea, Gambusia is predatory on the eggs, tadpoles and possibly juveniles of the species (NSW NPWS 2003). The Green and Golden Bell Frog has disappeared from 90% of its original range (Pyke and White 2001) and has been listed as an endangered species under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 and vulnerable under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Gambusia is listed as a key threatening process under Schedule 3 of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gambusia control through the manipulation of water levels in Narawang Wetland, Sydney Olympic Park 2003-2005

O'Meara

Darcovich

2008

Australian Zoologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A Review of the Biology of the Green and Golden Bell FrogLitoria aurea

Cited by 92 publications

References 44 publications

Host species determines whether infection load increases beyond disease‐causing thresholds following exposure to the amphibian chytrid fungus

Host species determines whether infection load increases beyond disease‐causing thresholds following exposure to the amphibian chytrid fungus

The effect of temperature on the growth and development of the endangered green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea)

Gambusia control through the manipulation of water levels in Narawang Wetland, Sydney Olympic Park 2003-2005

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About