A review of the braided-river depositional environment

Miall, Andrew D.

doi:10.1016/0012-8252(77)90055-1

Cited by 1,683 publications

(1,179 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The grain-size scale and the sedimentary rocks were identified according to the classifications of Udden (1914), Wentworth (1922) and Pettijohn et al (1972), respectively; the roundness of the grains followed the categories of Pettijohn et al (1987); the lithofacies were described following Miall's concept (Miall 1977(Miall , 1978(Miall , 2006.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithofacies and depositional environments of the Paleogene / Neogene sediments in the Hoanh Bo Basin (Quang Ninh province, NE Vietnam)

Hoang¹,

Wysocka²,

Phan³

et al. 2015

geol

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Abstract:The Hoanh Bo Basin is a multiple period formed basin which is associated with the tectonic mechanism due to the activity of the Chi Linh-Hon Gai and Trung Luong Faults during the late Paleogene -early Neogene time. The basin is filled with continental sediments, comprising mainly polymictic conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones, claystones and shales. Coarser-grained polymictic deposits predominate along the northern and western margins of the basin, while different types of siltstones, claystones, even sandstones occur in its center, as well as along its southern and eastern parts toward the Ha Long Bay. The source rocks for sedimentary materials are mainly originated from rocks of the Hon Gai and Ha Coi Formations.Based on the dominant grain-size class, texture, stratification, degree of clast rounding and sorting, 17 lithofacies were determined in the Hoanh Bo Basin infill. The basin is filled by gravelly, sandy and fine-grained lithofacies just covers a modest area but it represents a full of succession of 4 depositional systems including alluvial fan, fluvial, deltaic and lacustrine environments. Alluvial fan and fluvial environments are characterized by an assemblage of lithofacies such as sand-and mud-supported disorganized breccias (Gb), clast-to sand-supported conglomerates (Gmm), clast-supported inverse-graded conglomerates (Gig), planar-cross-bedded conglomerates (Gp), trough cross-bedded conglomerates (Gt), horizontally stratified conglomerates (Gh), planar cross-bedded sandstones (Sp), trough cross-bedded sandstones (St), ripple cross-laminated sandstones (Sr), horizontally bedded sandstones (Sh), massive sandstones (Sm), massive mudstones, siltstones (Fsm), laminated siltstones and mudstones (Fl), massive claystones (Fm) and coaly lithofacies (C); the deltaic assemblage is dominated by planar-cross-bedded conglomerates (Gp), horizontally stratified conglomerates (Gh), planar cross-bedded sandstones (Sp), horizontally bedded sandstones (Sh), low-angle cross-bedded sandstones (Sl); while the lacustrine assemblage consists of ripple cross-laminated sandstones (Sr), horizontally bedded sandstones (Sh), normally graded sandstones (Sng), massive mudstones, siltstones (Fsm), laminated siltstones and mudstones (Fl), massive claystones (Fm) and coaly lithofacies (C).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithofacies and depositional environments of the Paleogene / Neogene sediments in the Hoanh Bo Basin (Quang Ninh province, NE Vietnam)

Hoang¹,

Wysocka²,

Phan³

et al. 2015

geol

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“…Moreover, in fluvial deposits, vertical successions are not generally correlatable between detached outcrops and cores (Miall, 1985). Similar litho-facies cycles may develop from both autocyclic as well as allocyclic processes (Miall, 1977(Miall, , 1978Nichols, 1999;Martinius et al, 2002). In comparison, study of a fluvial deposit in terms of geomorphic elements, designated as architectural elements, provides a more invariable picture, and a better understanding of the past fluvial systems and their evolution through time and space (for detailed discussion, see Miall, 1985).…”

Section: Fluvial Architectural Elementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forced regressive wedge in the Mesoproterozoic Koldaha Shale, Vindhyan basin, Son valley, central India

Samanta

Mukhopadhyay

Eriksson

2016

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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The present paper highlights the sequence development within the Mesoproterozoic Koldaha Shale Member of the Kheinjua Formation, Vindhyan Supergroup which records the occurrence of a forced regressive wedge and associated discontinuity surfaces at the base of the wedge. Nine lithofacies have been identified within the study area that are grouped into three lithofacies associations varying in depositional setting from outer shelf, through shorefaceforeshore-beach to continental braidplain. The outer shelf sediments are aggradational to slightly progradational representing highstand systems tract. The rapidly progradational, wedge-shaped shoreface to foreshore-beach succession occurs sharply or erosively above the outer shelf sediments and is bounded by a regressive surface of marine erosion (RSME) at the base and by a subaerial unconformity at the top. This, along with its downstepping trajectory, supports deposition of this sedimentary wedge during falling sea level. A laterally extensive soft sediment deformation zone occurs at the base of the wedge.The forced regressive wedge is incised by fluvial braidplain deposits that rest on an erosive surface representing a sequence boundary. The thin braidplain deposits are the product of aggradation during a subsequent early rise in relative sea level, and thus, they are inferred to represent a lowstand systems tract. The constituent architectural elements that characterize the braidplain deposits are downstream accretion elements and small channel elements. Further 1 landward, the base and top of the shoreface wedge merge to form an unconformity across deposits that rest directly on the outer shelf sediments. The identification of forced regressive wedges has significant economic importance in view of the potential occurrence of hydrocarbons within the Proterozoic formations.

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“…Bedload deposition as diffuse gravel sheets (Hein & Walker 1977) or lags deposits by high-magnitude flood flows (Miall 1977, Nemec & Postma 1993.…”

Section: Gmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Planar-bedded deposits originated via upper flow regime (Miall 1977, Best & Bridge 1992) later modified by bioturbation (Allen 1963).…”

Section: Shmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High resolution stratigraphy of initial stages of rifting, Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, Brazil

et al. 2017

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ABSTRACT:The present work aims to characterize the NeoJurassic to Neocomian succession of the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, located in northeast region of Brazil, in order to discover the influence of tectonics on sedimentation in detailed scale and thus separating this sedimentary succession in tectono-stratigraphic units. Fieldwork observations and stratigraphic sections analysis allowed subdividing this rift succession into three depositional units that indicate different paleogeographic contexts. Unit I, equivalent to the top of Serraria Formation, is characterized by braided fluvial channel deposits, with paleocurrent direction to SE; unit II, corresponding to the base of Feliz Deserto Formation, is composed of anastomosed fluvial channel and floodplain facies associations; and unit III, equivalent to the major part of Feliz Deserto Formation, is characterized by delta deposits with polymodal paleocurrent pattern. The changes of depositional system, as well as paleocurrent direction, suggest that the previously described units were deposited in different evolutionary stages of rifting. Units I and II represent the record of a wide and shallow basin associated with the first stage of rifting. Unit I is characterized by incipient extensional stress generating a wide synclinal depression, associated to the low rate of accommodation and low tectonic activity. These two parameters progressively increase in unit II. The paleocurrent direction of unit I indicates that the depocenter of this wide basin was located at SE of the studied area. No conclusion could be done on paleocurrent from unit II because of the low amount of measurements. Unit III suggests a second stage marked by a deeper basin context, with a high rate of accommodation space associated with the lateral connection of faults and individualization of the half-graben. The scattering in the paleocurrent direction in this unit indicates sedimentary influx coming from several sectors of the half-graben. The boundary between these two stages is marked by a flooding surface that indicates an extremely fast transition and suggests a radical change in geometric characteristics of the basin due to the increase of tectonic activity.

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A review of the braided-river depositional environment

Cited by 1,683 publications

References 53 publications

Lithofacies and depositional environments of the Paleogene / Neogene sediments in the Hoanh Bo Basin (Quang Ninh province, NE Vietnam)

Lithofacies and depositional environments of the Paleogene / Neogene sediments in the Hoanh Bo Basin (Quang Ninh province, NE Vietnam)

Forced regressive wedge in the Mesoproterozoic Koldaha Shale, Vindhyan basin, Son valley, central India

High resolution stratigraphy of initial stages of rifting, Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, Brazil

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