A review of the cat liver fluke Platynosomum fastosum Kossack, 1910 (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae)

Basu, Asoke; Charles, Roxanne A.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.12.016

Cited by 64 publications

(99 citation statements)

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“…These liver flukes are found in tropical and sub-tropical regions and parasitize cats from the Pacific Islands, North America, South America, the Caribbean, Africa, Asia, and Oceania (BASU & CHARLES, 2014). A previous study described P. fastosum, P. concinnum and P. illiciens as synonymous and all affect the liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts in cats (MALDONADO, 1945).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common microscopic lesions include cholangiectasis, cholangiohepatitis, atrophy of hepatocytes, and hyperplasia of the biliary duct epithelium, which results in thickening of the liver, fatty infiltration of hepatocytes, sections of flukes and/or eggs in the liver, and abundant hepatic infiltration of leukocytes and eosinophils (BASU & CHARLES, 2014). However, most cases of platynosomiasis in cats have been described as incidental findings during necropsies (O'SULLIVAN et al, 1976;HANEY et al, 2006;XAVIER et al, 2007;CARREIRA et al, 2008;LENIS et al, 2009;ANDRADE et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feline platynosomiasis: analysis of the association of infection levels with pathological and biochemical findings

Ramos

Santos

Freitas

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Platynosomiasis is a common feline hepatic disease caused by Platynosomum fastosum (Trematoda -Dicrocoelidae), which is also known as 'lizard poisoning'. Most reports of feline platynosomiasis show that this disease is sporadic and manifests with uncommon lesions; its pathogenicity is still not well understood. This study aimed to describe liver injuries and enzymatic changes associated with natural P. fastosum infection in 47 stray cats in an endemic area. Overall, 38.3% (18/47) of cats were parasitized, and 2,358 flukes (P. fastosum) were collected (131 -mean intensity of parasitism; 50.2 -mean abundance). The alanine transaminase (ALT) measure was significantly higher in parasitized animals, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) showed no statistical difference between parasitized and non-parasitized animals. In infected animals, gross pathological lesions and microscopic liver injuries ranged from mild to severe, and were similar to those in previous descriptions of feline platynosomiasis. Nonetheless, the intensity of parasitism was not related to the severity of macroscopic or microscopic hepatic injuries. However, feline platynosomiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of feline liver disorders, as well as, in any program of helminth control, even if no clinical abnormalities are present.Keywords: Platynosomum fastosum, liver, lesions, ALT, ALP. ResumoPlatinossomiase é uma doença hepática felina comum causada por Platynosomum fastosum (Trematoda -Dicrocoelidae), também é conhecida como "envenenamento por lagartixa". A maioria dos relatos de platinossomiase felina mostra que esta doença é esporádica e se manifesta com lesões incomuns; sua patogenicidade ainda não é bem compreendida. Este estudo objetivou descrever as lesões no fígado e alterações enzimáticas associadas à infecção natural por P. fastosum em 47 gatos errantes em uma área endêmica. No total, 38,3% (18/47) dos gatos estavam parasitados, e 2.358 trematódeos (P. fastosum) foram coletados (131 -intensidade média de parasitismo; 50,2 -abundância média). A quantidade de alanina transaminase (ALT) foi significativamente maior nos animais parasitados, enquanto a fosfatase alcalina (ALP) não apresentou diferença estatística entre os animais parasitados e não parasitados. Nos animais infectados, lesões patológicas macroscópicas e microscópicas hepáticas variaram de leve a grave, e foram semelhantes a descrições anteriores de platinossomiase felina. No entanto, a intensidade do parasitismo não foi relacionada à gravidade das lesões hepáticas macroscópicas ou microscópicas. Contudo, a platinossomiase felina deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial de distúrbios hepáticos em felinos, assim como, em qualquer programa de controle de helmintos, mesmo que nenhuma anormalidade clínica esteja presente.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline platynosomiasis: analysis of the association of infection levels with pathological and biochemical findings

Ramos

Santos

Freitas

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…Platynosomiasis, a parasitic disease caused by dicrocoeliid trematodes of the genus Platynosomum, often results in lesions in the biliary tract and gallbladder of birds and mammals harboring the adult parasite (RODRIGUES, 1963;KAZACOS et al, 1980;FOLEY, 1994;FERREIRA et al, 1999;ANDRADE et al, 2012;BASU & CHARLES, 2014). In South America, the terrestrial mollusk Subulina octona and some isopods (Oniscidea species and Nagurus nanus) are the first and second intermediate hosts, respectively, of the fluke.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It is noted that a "gold standard" test for the diagnosis of platynosomiasis is not well established in the literature. Considering, for example, methods of stool analysis already employed for the parasitological diagnosis of this infection in cats, there are contradictory values for sensibilities obtained by centrifugal sedimentation (RETNASABAPATHY & PRATHAP, 1971;PALUMBO et al, 1974;LEAL et al, 2011;BASU & CHARLES, 2014) and flotation (PALUMBO et al, 1974;LEAL et al, 2011;ROCHA et al, 2014) methods. The diagnostic sensitivity may indeed vary with the number and physiology of flukes in the host.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, no conclusive detailed comparison was possible between the obtained data and those from other studies using different coproparasitological tests since neither of the methods evaluated had previously been used to identify eggs of Platynosomum spp. The formalin-ether sedimentation technique (RITCHIE, 1948) has been considered a good parasitological method for the diagnosis of infection in domestic cats (FOLEY, 1994;BASU & CHARLES, 2014). A sensitivity of up to 100% (9/9 cats) has already been reported for this technique (PALUMBO et al, 1974), and it has been observed to have a greater capacity for detecting feline platynosomiasis in comparison to a direct smear, centrifugation in zinc sulfate, or modified detergent and sugar flotations (PALUMBO et al, 1976;KRECEK et al, 2010).…”

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Evaluation of Kato-Katz and spontaneous sedimentation methods for the diagnosis of platynosomiasis in Neotropical primates

Mati

Pinto

Melo

2015

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Platynosomiasis is a parasitic infection reported in non-human primates, including marmosets, and is frequently difficult to diagnose. In this study, the Kato-Katz method and the spontaneous sedimentation method were evaluated for their usefulness in identifying Platynosomum eggs in fecal samples from Callithrix penicillata that naturally harbor Platynosomum illiciens. Spontaneous sedimentation allowed the diagnosis of 41.7% (5/12) and 66.7% (8/12) of infected marmosets from one and three slides, respectively, prepared from the same fecal sample. The examination of a single Kato-Katz thick smear detected 83.3% (10/12) of infection cases. The analysis of feces on three different days increased the rate of diagnosis, since 75% (9/12) and 100% (12/12) of the primates with platynosomiasis were identified using serial spontaneous sedimentation (3 slides/day) and the Kato-Katz method, respectively. The mean number of Platynosomum eggs per gram of feces determined via the Kato-Katz method was 71.7 (8-240). The spontaneous sedimentation method when performed in series is acceptable for the diagnosis of platynosomiasis. However, the Kato-Katz method, which was here used for the first time to detect this infection, has a higher diagnostic sensitivity and the advantage that a quantitative analysis of the eggs released in the host feces is possible.Keywords: Fecal parasitological diagnosis, platynosomiasis, Platynosomum, marmosets, spontaneous sedimentation, Kato-Katz thick smear. ResumoA platinossomose é uma infecção parasitária relatada em primatas não-humanos, inclusive saguis, cujo diagnóstico é frequentemente difícil. Neste estudo, os métodos de sedimentação espontânea e Kato-Katz foram avaliados quanto à sua utilidade na identificação de ovos de Platynosomum em amostras fecais de Callithrix penicillata naturalmente albergando Platynosomum illiciens. A sedimentação espontânea permitiu o diagnóstico de 41,7% (5/12) e 66,7% (8/12) dos saguis infectados a partir da análise de uma e três lâminas, respectivamente, preparadas de uma mesma amostra fecal. O exame de uma única lâmina de Kato-Katz detectou 83,3% (10/12) dos casos de infecção. A análise de fezes em três dias diferentes aumentou as taxas de diagnóstico, uma vez que 75% (9/12) e 100% (12/12) dos primatas que apresentaram a platinossomose foram identificados, usando-se a sedimentação espontânea (três lâminas/dia) e o Kato-Katz em série, respectivamente. O número médio de ovos de Platynosomum por g de fezes, determinado através do método de Kato-Katz, foi de 71,7 (8-240). O método de sedimentação espontânea, quando realizado em série, é aceitável para o diagnóstico da platinossomose. Entretanto, o método de Kato-Katz, o qual foi pela primeira vez usado para se detectar essa infecção, mostrou uma maior sensibilidade diagnóstica, com a vantagem de que é possível uma análise quantitativa dos ovos liberados nas fezes do hospedeiro.Palavras-chave: Diagnóstico parasitológico fecal, platinossomose, Platynosomum, saguis, sedimentação espontânea, Kato-Katz.

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Biliary Disease

Boag¹,

Mehler²

2018

Textbook of Small Animal Emergency Medicine

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A review of the cat liver fluke Platynosomum fastosum Kossack, 1910 (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae)

Cited by 64 publications

References 20 publications

Feline platynosomiasis: analysis of the association of infection levels with pathological and biochemical findings

Feline platynosomiasis: analysis of the association of infection levels with pathological and biochemical findings

Evaluation of Kato-Katz and spontaneous sedimentation methods for the diagnosis of platynosomiasis in Neotropical primates

Biliary Disease

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