A Review of the Control of Biological Waste Treatment in Stabilization Ponds

Hosetti, B. B.; Frost, S. W.

doi:10.1080/10643389891254205

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The ability to quantify diversity in this way is an important tool to understand the community structure. The microalgal density, biomass and the composition are useful indicators of the effluent quality (Hosetti and Frost 1998;Sukias et al 2001;O'Farrill et al 2003). In this study, four diversity indices have been applied, viz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgal diversity in relation to the physicochemical parameters of some Industrial sites in Mangalore, South India

Miranda

Krishnakumar

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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This study is undertaken to understand the microalgal species composition, diversity, abundance and their association with the polluted sites of an industrial area. The microalgae and the wastewater samples collected from these sites were preserved and analysed using standard methods. One hundred and eight species of the microalgae, belonging to Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Bacillariophyceace and Desmidaceae, were identified. Of these, the members of Cyanophyceae formed the dominant flora. It was observed that the family Oscillatoriaceae was the most diverse family. In this family, the most diverse genus was found to be the Oscillatoria, with 13 species. Further, the abundance of Oscillatoria princeps indicated that these species are tolerant to the pollution and therefore considered as the 'marker species' of the habitat. The abundance of the Cyanophyceae in these sites was found to be due to the favourable contents of the oxidizable organic matter and the presence of the nutrients, such as the nitrates and the phosphates, in abundance, with less dissolved oxygen. The lesser percentage of the Bacillariophyceae (14%), and the negligible number of the euglenoids (2%) indicated that the sites were rich in the inorganic pollutants and poor in the organic pollutants. The range of Shannon diversity indices was found between 2.10 and 3.50, while the dominance index was found between 0.03 and 0.14, the species evenness between 0.73 and 0.93 and the Margalef index between 1.8 and 6.3. The diversity indices indicated that there is light to moderate level of pollution in the studied sites, with moderate diversity level. The principal component analysis (PCA) of the physicochemical parameters identified the four possible groups, which were responsible for the data structure, explaining the 74% of the total variance of the data set. In the PCA performed using all the variables, the first principal component showed the positive correlation with the total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, conductivity, temperature, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and the sulphates and the negative correlation with the dissolved oxygen (DO) and Pb2+. The second principal component showed the positive correlation with the pH, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrates and phosphates, and the negative correlation with the TDS, salinity, conductivity, temperature and BOD. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that there were significant (p<0.05) positive and negative relationships between some of the physicochemical parameters and the microalgal species at these sites. The results showed that Calonies bacillum and Pseudanabaena amphigranulata were in close positive association with the pH, DO, COD, chlorides, nitrates and Cu+2 at the third and the fifth sites; the Navicula sphaerophora, Stigonema minutum and Chlamydomonas sphagnicola were in close positive association with the phosphates and the lead at the first, second and the fifth sites; the Anabaena spiroides, Anabaena constricta, Oscillatoria curvic...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgal diversity in relation to the physicochemical parameters of some Industrial sites in Mangalore, South India

Miranda

Krishnakumar

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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“…[3] explains that the degree of treatment is a function of the number of ponds in series and the retention time of the wastewater in each pond. Although the number of ponds and retention time have a major effect on the quality of the effluent, it is possible to manipulate each individual pond to achieve a desired function [4]. A wide range of pond types therefore exists, allowing flexibility in different configurations to suit different conditions and discharge standards [13].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floating Wetlands for Management of Algal Washout from Waste Stabilization Pond Effluent: Case Study at Hikkaduwa Waste Stabilization Ponds

et al. 2013

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Waste stabilization ponds are advantageous wastewater treatment processes, especially for developing countries. Nevertheless, in spite of the well known advantages of the implementation of the stabilization pond system, the effluent of this system has a significant amount of algae and high nutrients. Disposing this effluent with high contents algae and nutrients to the receiving waters can hinder the water reuse for a wide range of different applications, it is essential to look for a post treatment method that can provide considerable removal of algae, nutrients and organic matter from the effluent and at the same time, assure that the treatment system as a whole will maintain the advantages of the pond treatment processes. In this context, this research study was planned and intended to introduce a floating treatment wetland in which water hyacinth plants (Eichhornia crassipes) were used as macrophyte or vegetation in the part of the maturation pond area to control algae and nutrients in the effluent.With the application of the floating wetland the removal efficiencies were found to have increased in the maturation pond in terms of BOD and COD from 13.3% to 62.9% and 13.6% to 57.5%, respectively. In the case of TP and TN there were no significant reductions achieved prior to the establishment of the wetland but, reductions of 74.8% for TP and 55.8% for TN were achieved since the establishment of floating wetland. It was also possible to achieve a reduction of algal cell densities of 900 units/ml to zero unit/ml for the algal species of Spirulina and for Oscillatoria, the reduction was from 290 units/ml to 0 units/ml. In case of Chlorella and Pandorina, density reductions were 830,000 units/ml to 68,000 units/ml and 4300 units/ml to 280 units/ml respectively. Accordingly, the reduction efficiencies for Spirulina, Oscilltoria, Chlorella and Pandorina were reported to be improved from 31.8% to 100% and 4.5% to 100%, 34.2% to 91.8% and 42.2% to 93.5%, respectively. Application of this research can therefore be possible to polish waste stabilization pond effluent economically in order to re-use for various beneficial uses except potable use.

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“…Because ponds are self-sufficient, there is a reduction of operator responsibilities to manage treatment, a reduction in labor costs, and an increase in the potential fiscal returns from the tangible products generated by the treatment unit (Hosetti and Frost 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For these reasons, the oxidation pond provides an attractive method of sustainable wastewater treatment with the following caveats: operators should monitor the chemical and biological constituents within the system to ensure proper design parameters are met to correspond with regulatory treatment efficiency standards (Hosetti and Frost 1998), especially if the effluent is to be reused.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation pond for municipal wastewater treatment

et al. 2015

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This literature review examines process, design, and cost issues related to using oxidation ponds for wastewater treatment. Many of the topics have applications at either full scale or in isolation for laboratory analysis. Oxidation ponds have many advantages. The oxidation pond treatment process is natural, because it uses microorganisms such as bacteria and algae. This makes the method of treatment cost-effective in terms of its construction, maintenance, and energy requirements. Oxidation ponds are also productive, because it generates effluent that can be used for other applications. Finally, oxidation ponds can be considered a sustainable method for treatment of wastewater.

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A Review of the Control of Biological Waste Treatment in Stabilization Ponds

Cited by 26 publications

References 52 publications

Microalgal diversity in relation to the physicochemical parameters of some Industrial sites in Mangalore, South India

Microalgal diversity in relation to the physicochemical parameters of some Industrial sites in Mangalore, South India

Floating Wetlands for Management of Algal Washout from Waste Stabilization Pond Effluent: Case Study at Hikkaduwa Waste Stabilization Ponds

Oxidation pond for municipal wastewater treatment

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