A review of the control of odour nuisance from livestock buildings: Part 3, properties of the odorous substances which have been identified in livestock wastes or in the air around them

Odour emissions from poultry litter – A review litter properties, odour formation and odorant emissions from porous materials

“…(2500 [43]) 2.5 x 10 5 [43] ( Fruity, solvent, sweet [55]; ether-like [6] 500 [35] ( Pungent, disagreeable, rancid odour [6]; sour, mildly cheese-like [32] 84 [43] (108)…”

“…6.0 x 10 4 [43] 27.7 (35.5 [44] Ether-like, fruity [6]; fruity with a brandy note, reminiscent of pineapple [32] 600 [35] (3135) Unpleasant, rancid, obnoxious [32] 0.4 [35] (0.69) (3.6) Sharp, butter-fat-like odour, like butyric acid but not as unpleasant [32] 5 [35] (5.4) (70. 3) 330 [35] 1.38 (1.5 [31]) (19.5 [44]) 91.6 1100 -4.43 0.24 [32] 167,000 (@20°C) [50; 52; 57] Mild fruity [6]; pleasant, odour of pears [32] 200 (2800) Unpleasant [38]; rancidcheese [32]; body odour [24] 0.2 [35] (0.33) (2.5) 10.3 (6.9 [35]) 0.05 (0.08 [31]) (0.6 [38]) 2.5 [44] (1.65) Irritant, stench [44] 7.8 20 [35] 1.9 [44] 4.8 n/a n/a n/a n/a unpublished Unpleasant, similar to butyric acid [32] 0.16 (0.8 [35]) (20.0) 120 [35] 0.04 [31] (0.19) (4.8 [44])…”

“…Characteristic goatlike [32] 2.9 (20 [35]) 520 [35] (59.8) 0.6 [31] ( 4.2) 109.5 (12.6 [44]) 1300 -4.50 0.006 [32] 10,300 [50; 52; 57] Benzoic acid Benzenecarboxylic acid 122.1213 65-85-0 C 6 H 5 C00H or…”

“…Disagreeable, rancid, tallow-like [32] 22 [35] 146.4 (33 [35]) 4.1 27.5 [44] (6.2) 2965 -4.86 0.001 [32] 2820 [50; 52] Butanoic acid, butyl ester n-butyric acid, butyl ester; n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a unpublished data Butanoic acid, 1-methylpropyl ester butyric acid, sec-butyl ester; butanoic acid, 2-butyl ester 144.2114 819-97-6 C 8 H 16 O 2 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a unpublished n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a [50] Benzoic acid, 4-ethoxy- n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.0 [41] n/a [29] Diethyl-phthalate Anozol; Phthalol; solvanol; Very slight, aromatic, practically odourless [32] n/a n/a n/a n/a 1200 -4.47 0.0003 [32] 1080 [29] Triethyl Citrate Citric acid, triethyl ester; n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 2. n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 3.18 x 10 -8 [41] n/a [29] [6]; wine like odour, sweet [32] 400 [35] (667) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 3.13 [32] 190,000 [29] n/a 0.515 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a [29] 2-ethyl- n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 4.8 [41] n/a [30] Mushroom, earth [36];…”

The influence of diet crude protein level on odour and ammonia emissions from finishing pig houses

“…The main sources of odour include building ventilation, manure storage and land spreading. Often these odorous mixtures are a consequence of animal manure decomposing anaerobically to form unstable intermediate by-products resulting in a complex mixture of over 168 volatile compounds of which 30 are odorous (O'Neill and Phillips, 1992). These compounds created from natural biological reactions include organic acids, aldehydes, alcohols, fixed gases, carbonyls, esters, amines, sulphides, mercaptans, aromatics and nitrogen hetrocycles.…”