In order to accurately distinguish the wear resistance level of different carbon fibers including high strength fibers and high modulus fibers, and ensure minimal fluctuations in testing results, orthogonal tests are designed based on the testing method of carbon fiber wear resistance from the standard Q/ZHFC 4403-2014, and the influencing factors of wear resistance test is determined, and the corresponding test parameters were optimized by the error sum of squares. The results show that within a certain factor level, the traction tension, friction load, friction rod angle and the number of friction rods have a highly significant impact on the test results of fuzz mass, the traction speed has an impact on the test results, and the density of sponge sheet has no impact. When the traction tension is 25N, the friction load is 350g, the traction speed is 30m/min, and the sponge density is 2.28×10−2g/cm3, the angle of friction rod is 120°, the coefficient of variation of the fuzz mass test results is 2.9%~5.0%, which means the testing method with optimized parameters can accurately and quantitatively distinguish the wear resistance level of different brand carbon fibers.