A Review of the Developed New Model Biodiesels and Their Effects on Engine Combustion and Emissions

Abstract

Biodiesel is regarded to be a renewable, CO2 neutral and thus sustainable biological alternative diesel fuel. With attention to the reduction of petroleum import, PM 2.5 aerosol particles and the greenhouse effect gas CO2, biodiesel has drawn great research interests and efforts in the past decade in China. Generally, biodiesel refers to fatty acid methyl ether (FAME) which has a proved effect in reducing diesel emission, particularly PM. However, FAME has a limited cetane number and oxygen content, to study the effects of elevated cetane number and oxygen content on fuel properties, engine combustion and emissions, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether is used to produce a series of new models of biodiesels by transesterification method. The feedstocks are rapeseed oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, palm oil and cottonseed oil. Ether group alcohols used in this study include ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether. The molecular structure was proved by FT-IR and NMR analyses. Fuel properties were measured based on the corresponding standards. The developed new model biodiesels have cetane number (CN) over 70 and oxygen content over 17% by mass, which are higher than FAME (50 CN and 11% oxygen). They have the same level of lower heating value as FAME, but have a higher density, which helps to compensate the decrease of engine power. Meanwhile, the engine tests were carried out to investigate the effects of ether ester group on engine combustion and emissions. The test results show that FAME reduced smoke 30% to 50%, while the new model biodiesel fuels reduced engine smoke as high as 80% and have the potential to decrease engine HC, CO and NOx emissions 50% or more.

Performance Enhancement of Internal Combustion Engines through Vibration Control: State of the Art and Challenges

“…Lately, Liu et al [96] comprehensively reviewed the most recent biodiesel fuels, developed by using ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and reported their effects on engine combustion and emissions. They compared various ether group alcohols to fatty acid methyl ether (FAME,) including ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and triethylene glycol monomethyl ether.…”

Producción de biodiesel a partir del aceite extraído de almendra del corozo Bactris guineensis asistida mediante ultrasonido de sonda directa

“…Los biocombustibles producidos a partir de materias primas renovables no convencionales surgieron desde hace algunos años, como una opción para mermar la presencia de gases invernadero en el ambiente (Esteves et al, 2018, Rassoulinejad-Mousavi et al, 2018, Andrade et al, 2016. El biodiesel es un combustible renovable (Liu et al, 2018) cuyo uso reduce la emisión CO 2 , CO (Mejía y Cuty, 2019) y otros contaminantes (Thapa, Indrawan, y Bhoi, 2018); y que consiste principalmente en ésteres metílicos de ácidos grasos (EMAG) derivados de aceites vegetales por procesos de transesterificación o esterificación (Yu et al, 2017).…”

Experimental Comparison of Diesel and Crude Rapeseed Oil Combustion in a Swirl Burner

“…Most renewable fuels are oxygenated by their nature [9], which is favorable from the pollutant emission point of view in internal combustion engines [10]. The renewable fuels can be light (LRF), such as alcohols [11,12] or heavy (HRF), like animal fat [13], pyrolysis oil and straight vegetable oils [14,15].…”