A review of the development and characteristics of planar phase-Doppler anemometry

Abstract

Phase-Doppler anemometry is now a well-established measuring technique for simultaneous measurements of particle velocity, size, flux and concentration and its usefulness has been demonstrated in a wide range of applications to multiphase flows. Since its introduction in 1975, it took until 1980 to re-discover the measuring technique for particle sizing. Moreover, the increased understanding of the influence of the Gaussian intensity distribution in the probe volume of a phase-Doppler anemometer (PDA) revealed an important feature of PDA in a planar configuration, namely the temporal separation of the contributions of two scattering mechanisms, reflection and refraction, to the light received by the photodetectors. This implies the possibility of suppressing measurement errors caused by the mixing of the two modes of scattered light and even makes it possible to perform refractive-index measurements by comparison of the reflective and the refractive phases. In the most recent development of the so-called dual-mode PDA, the planar set-up is one essential part of the system which ensures that an accurate measurement of the particle size and, therefore, of the particulate volume flux is obtained. The present paper reviews the historical development of planar PDA and its capabilities and present applications.

A methodology to investigate the behaviour of urea-water sprays in high temperature air flow for SCR de-NOxapplications

“…Phase-Doppler anemometry is a well established technique for simultaneous analysis of velocity and size of spherical particles [4]. PDA is based on the principle of light scattering: when hit by two incident laser beams the particle to measure produces a signal whose frequency is proportional to the velocity of the particle, whereas the phase shift observed by two different detectors is proportional to the size of the particle.…”

A review of solid–fluid selection options for optical-based measurements in single-phase liquid, two-phase liquid–liquid and multiphase solid–liquid flows

“…LIF has been utilized in RIM systems by Diez et al (2005), Ovdat and Berkowitz (2006), Liu et al (2006a, b), Ravelet et al (2007), Wu et al (2011), , , amongst others. (ii) Laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV), laser/phase Doppler anemometry (LDA/PDA), and similar approaches have been detailed by Durst et al (1976Durst et al ( , 1997, Buchhave et al (1979), Tropea (1995), Albrecht et al (2003) and Czarske (2006). These methods allow the measurement of local velocity and/or droplet size within an interrogated volume and have been used in RIM systems by Varty (1984), Yarlagadda and Yoganathan (1989), Walker et al (1989), Liu et al (1989), Duncan et al (1990), Chen and Kadambi (1990), Wildman et al (1992), Koh et al (1994), Jana (1995), Perktold et al (1997), Dietze et al (2009), and others.…”

An Optical Characterization of Atomization in Non-Evaporating Diesel Sprays

“…Diagnostics that are suitable for an experimental investigation into primary and secondary atomization in idealized diesel sprays include phase Doppler anemometry (PDA) [20], laser Mie scattering [21], laser induced fluorescence (LIF) [22], laser sheet dropsizing (LSD, combined LIF/Mie scattering) [23 -25], structured illumination planar laser imaging (SLIPI, an extension of LSD) [26], ballistic imaging [27], and ultra-small angle x-ray scattering (USAXS) [28].…”