A Review of the Effect of Petrol Composition on Unregulated Motor Vehicle Emissions with Particular Emphasis on Non-Catalyst Vehicles

McGinty, Rebecca; Dent, N

doi:10.1080/09593331608616302

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…5 and 6), respectively. This result was in agreement with other gasoline engine studies (Magnusson et al, 2002;McGinty and Dent, 1995). As for formaldehyde, acrolein, acetone, butyraldehyde and aromatic aldehydes, the emissions from E-10 gasoline decreased about 5.1-26%, 2-22%, 10-100%, 4.5-28.5%, 6.9-11.2%, respectively compared with those from E-0.…”

Section: Carbonyls Emissions From Ethanol-gasoline In Engine-out and supporting

confidence: 81%

Carbonyls emission from ethanol-blended gasoline and biodiesel-ethanol-diesel used in engines

Pang

Yuan

et al. 2008

Atmospheric Environment

115

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Detailed carbonyls emissions from ethanol-blended gasoline (containing 10% v/v, ethanol, E-10) and biodiesel-ethanoldiesel (BE-diesel) were carefully investigated on an EQ491i gasoline engine equipped with a three-way-catalyst (TWC) and a Commins-4B diesel engine. In engine-out emissions for the gasoline engine, total carbonyls from E-10 varied in the range of 66.7-99.4 mg kW À1 h À1, which was 3.1-8.2% less than those from fossil gasoline (E-0). In tailpipe emissions, total carbonyls from E-10 varied in the range of 9.2-20.7 mg kW À1 h À1, which were 3.0-61.7% higher than those from E-0. The total carbonyls emissions from BE-diesel were 1-22% higher than those from diesel at different engine operating conditions. Compared with fossil fuels, E-10 can slightly reduce CO emission, and BE-diesel can substantially decrease PM emission, while both alternative fuels increased slightly NO x emission. r

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Section: Carbonyls Emissions From Ethanol-gasoline In Engine-out and supporting

confidence: 81%

Carbonyls emission from ethanol-blended gasoline and biodiesel-ethanol-diesel used in engines

Pang

Yuan

et al. 2008

Atmospheric Environment

115

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“…For four-stroke spark-ignition (SI) engines, mainly vehicles, there are several studies concerning regulated emis sions and emissions of carbonyls or other unregulated species when using ethanol-blended gasoline ( − ) or pure ethanol ( , ). There are also reviews covering this area ( − ). However, most studies concerning carbonyls are limited to formaldehyde and acetaldehyde.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For small two- or four-stroke engines, few studies have been made concerning the effects of ethanol blending on emissions ( − ). Results from the four-stroke engine studies show that the use of ethanol increases emissions of acetaldehyde ( − ) and reduces emissions of CO ( − ). Reduction of hydrocarbon (HC) emissions and increase of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) have also been reported, but results are not consistent ( − ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions of Aldehydes and Ketones from a Two-Stroke Engine Using Ethanol and Ethanol-Blended Gasoline as Fuel

Magnusson

Nilsson

Andersson

2002

Environ. Sci. Technol.

110

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Besides aliphatic gasoline, ethanol-blended gasoline intended for use in small utility engines was recently introduced on the Swedish market. For small utility engines, little data is available showing the effects of these fuels on exhaust emissions, especially concerning aldehydes and ketones (carbonyls). The objective of the present investigation was to study carbonyl emissions and regulated emissions from a two-stroke chain saw engine using ethanol, gasoline, and ethanol-blended gasoline as fuel (0%, 15%, 50%, 85%, and 100% ethanol). The effects of the ethanol-blending level and mechanical changes of the relative air/fuel ratio, λ, on exhaust emissions was investigated, both for aliphatic and regular gasoline. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and aromatic aldehydes were the most abundant carbonyls in the exhaust. Acetaldehyde dominated for all ethanol-blended fuels (1.2−12 g/kWh, depending on the fuel and λ), and formaldehyde dominated for gasoline (0.74−2.3 g/kWh, depending on the type of gasoline and λ). The main effects of ethanol blending were increased acetaldehyde emissions (30−44 times for pure ethanol), reduced emissions of all other carbonyls except formaldehyde and acrolein (which showed a more complex relation to the ethanol content), reduced carbon monoxide (CO) and ntirogen oxide (NO) emissions, and increased hydrocarbon (HC) and nitrogen dixodie (NO2) emissions. The main effects of increasing λ were increased emissions of carbonyls and nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and reduced CO and HC emissions. When the two types of gasoline are considered, benzaldehyde and tolualdehyde could be directly related to the gasoline content of aromatics or olefins, but also acrolein, propanal, crotonaldehyde, and methyl ethyl ketone mainly originated from aromatics or olefins, while the main source for formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, methacrolein, and butanal was saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons.

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“…Motor vehicles are an important source of air pollution because of the fuel they use and their less-than-perfect fuel management and efficiency. This is particularly so when, as in Iran, most of the vehicle parc are non-catalyst vehicles [16]. Even when parked, evaporation of fuel, particularly from a hot engine, in the house garage is a strong source of indoor VOCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contribution of Gasoline to Indoor Air Pollution in Tehran, Iran

Halek

Shirazi

Mohamadi

2004

Indoor and Built Environment

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released continuously into the indoor environment from a number of sources including building materials, furnishings and household products like air fresheners. In addition there are many activities carried out in houses that release VOCs intermittently. However, a major contributor to indoor pollution, particularly in large cities, is the outdoor environment largely through the concentration of vehicular traffic. In the present study, conducted in Tehran, the group of gasoline components commonly known as BTEX were measured as a surrogate for this pollution under different conditions in the indoor environment. Using a method published by NIOSH, organic vapours were collected by drawing air through charcoal-filled tubes with a portable pump with a flow rate of 0.2m3.min 1. Organic material from the collected samples was eluted from the charcoal tubes by carbon disulphide and the BTEX component analysed by Gas Chromatography. The results showed that proportionally high levels of BTEX were present in the VOC profile and it was concluded that petroleum and its combustion products were major contributors to indoor pollution in Tehran. Also, the concentration of benzene was especially high, being some 2-4 times greater than the maximum levels recommended by many countries.

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A Review of the Effect of Petrol Composition on Unregulated Motor Vehicle Emissions with Particular Emphasis on Non-Catalyst Vehicles

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Carbonyls emission from ethanol-blended gasoline and biodiesel-ethanol-diesel used in engines

Carbonyls emission from ethanol-blended gasoline and biodiesel-ethanol-diesel used in engines

Emissions of Aldehydes and Ketones from a Two-Stroke Engine Using Ethanol and Ethanol-Blended Gasoline as Fuel

The Contribution of Gasoline to Indoor Air Pollution in Tehran, Iran

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